Momentum and Turbulent Transport in Sparse, Organized Vegetative Canopies

Momentum and Turbulent Transport in Sparse, Organized Vegetative Canopies
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稀疏、有组织的植物冠层中的动量和湍流传输

DOI:
10.1007/s10546-022-00698-6
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
4.3
通讯作者:
Stoll, Rob
Stoll, Rob
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Torkelson, Gregory;Price, Timothy A.;Stoll, Rob

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研究了冠层不均一性对平均和湍流输运过程的影响,采用一个葡萄园冠层的尺度风洞模型,研究了冠层间距为1、2和3冠层高度。将行法向自由流速度分量应用于每个冠层构型,并使用粒子成像测速法测量以单个冠层间隙为中心的沿流垂直平面上的速度空间分布。平均流动特征包括冠层中心的上升气流,随后在下游排的上游下降和再循环,观察到冠层间隙较大时,其大小和幅度减小。冠层亚层(CSL)中的湍流主要由上游排顶部的一个不断增长的混合层控制,该混合层消耗了下层的弱的更各向同性的湍流。混合层进入CSL的速率随着冠层间隙的增大而减小,但不足以抵消下游距离的增加。混合层在被下游排阻碍之前进入冠层的垂直程度是决定冠层湍流水平非均质性的主要因素。对reynolds -平均湍流-动能收支的分析指出,剪切产生是冠层顶部附近湍流的主要来源,而湍流输运是导致混合层向下进入CSL的主要原因。
The effect of canopy heterogeneity on mean and turbulent transport processes is studied using a scaled wind-tunnel model of a vineyard canopy with gap spacings of one, two, and three canopy heights. A row-normal freestream velocity component is applied to each canopy configuration and spatial distributions of velocity across a streamwise-vertical plane centred around a single canopy gap are measured using particle imaging velocimetry. Mean flow features including an updraft in the centre of the canopy followed by a descent and recirculation just upstream of the downstream row are observed to decrease in size and magnitude for larger canopy gaps. Turbulence in the canopy sublayer (CSL) is dominated by a growing mixing layer that originates at the top of the upstream row and consumes the underlying weak more isotropic turbulence. The mixing layer’s rate of growth into the CSL decreases as the canopy gap widens, but not enough to offset the increased downstream distance. The vertical extent of the mixing layer into the canopy before being impeded by the downstream row is the main factor that determines horizontal heterogeneity of turbulence in the canopy. An analysis of the Reynolds-averaged turbulence-kinetic-energy budget points to shear production being the main source of turbulence near the canopy top, while turbulent transport is responsible for the growth of the mixing layer down into the CSL.
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