Group-housed females promote production of asexual ootheca in American cockroaches.
Group-housed females promote production of asexual ootheca in American cockroaches.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40851-017-0063-x
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Nishino H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Katoh K;Iwasaki M;Hosono S;Yoritsune A;Ochiai M;Mizunami M;Nishino H
在许多动物门中可以看到的兼性孤雌生殖是一种生殖策略，在这种策略下，当交配伙伴不可用时，雌性能够产生后代。在一些亚社会和真社会昆虫中，孤雌生殖往往比有性繁殖更为普遍。然而，关于社会合作如何与促进孤雌生殖联系在一起，人们知之甚少。家栖蟑螂美洲大蠊非常适合解决这一问题，因为该物种属于布拉特总科，该总科分化为共生白蚁并表现出兼性孤雌生殖。我们利用美洲大对虾的行为分析方法，研究了影响卵鞘无性生产的环境因素。当想象中的蜕皮后立即有三只以上的处女雌性被关在一个小的密封容器中时，它们往往比孤立的雌性更早通过孤雌生殖产生卵箱(卵囊)，导致卵膜的产生明显同步，即使是在不同容器中的雌性。相比之下，处女与生殖器切除的雄性或群居的触角被切除的雌性相比，并没有显著促进卵膜的产生。每天向容器中添加主要的性信息素成分并不能促进隔离雌性昆虫卵膜的产生。另一项研究表明，群居雌性使孤雌生殖比之前所知的更具可持续性；由15只处女组成的创始群体足以在三年多的时间内产生雌性后代。与孤立的雌性相比，群居雌性促进和稳定无性卵膜的产生，这种促进是由雌性特有的化学感觉信号(性信息素除外)触发的，主要由触角检测到。促进雌性之间卵壳的产生很可能是社会合作的早期阶段，这让人想起雌性对在真社会白蚁中建立和维持群体的过程。本文的在线版本(doi：10.1186/s40851-0170063-x)包含补充材料，授权用户可以使用。
Facultative parthenogenesis, seen in many animal phyla, is a reproductive strategy in which females are able to generate offspring when mating partners are unavailable. In some subsocial and eusocial insects, parthenogenesis is often more prevalent than sexual reproduction. However, little is known about how social cooperation is linked to the promotion of parthenogenesis. The domiciliary cockroach Periplaneta americana is well-suited to addressing this issue as this species belongs to the superfamily Blattoidea, which diverged into eusocial termites and shows facultative parthenogenesis. We studied environmental factors that influence asexual production of ootheca using behavioral assays in P. americana. When more than three virgin females immediately after the imaginal molt were kept together in a small sealed container, they tended to produce egg cases (oothecae) via parthenogenesis earlier than did isolated females, resulting in apparent synchronization of ootheca production, even among females housed in different containers. In contrast, virgin females housed with genitalia-ablated males or group-housed females with antennae ablated did not significantly promote ootheca production compared to isolated females. Daily addition of the primary sex pheromone component to the container did not promote ootheca production in isolated females. Another line of study showed that grouped females make parthenogenesis more sustainable than previously known; a founder colony of 15 virgin females was sufficient to produce female progeny for a period of more than three years. Group-housed females promote and stabilize asexual ootheca production compared to isolated females, and that this promotion is triggered by female-specific chemosensory signals (other than sex pheromone) primarily detected by antennae. Promotion of ootheca production between females is likely to be an early stage of social cooperation, reminiscent of the foundation and maintenance of a colony by female pairs in the eusocial termite Reticulitermes speratus. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40851-017-0063-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.