Challenges for vaccination in the elderly.
Challenges for vaccination in the elderly.
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DOI：
10.1186/1742-4933-4-9
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发表时间：
2007-12-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sambhara, Suryaprakash
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aspinall, Richard;Del Giudice, Giuseppe;Sambhara, Suryaprakash
老年人更容易受到感染，这是对公共卫生服务的一个重大挑战。老化的免疫系统是老年人感染率增加的原因。这种免疫衰老是多因素的，并且不完全理解。免疫衰老变化包括先天免疫系统细胞受体的功能障碍;胸腺退化，随之而来的幼稚T细胞群的减少; T细胞群组成的改变;个体T细胞的修饰表型;以及表达幼稚标志物的记忆细胞的复制性衰老。不幸的是，免疫衰老也使疫苗接种在老年人中效果较差。因此，重要的是，针对流感等常见但可预防疾病使用的疫苗必须得到专门增强，以克服这一弱势群体免疫反应性下降的问题。
The increased susceptibility of the elderly to infection presents a major challenge to public health services. An aging immune system is well documented as the cause of increased infection rates in elderly people. Such immunosenescence is multi-factorial and incompletely understood. Immunosenescent changes include malfunctioning of innate immune system cellular receptors; involution of the thymus, with consequent reduction of the naive T cell population; alteration of the T cell population composition; modified phenotypes of individual T cells; and replicative senescence of memory cells expressing naive markers. Unfortunately, immunosenescence also renders vaccination less effective in the elderly. It is therefore important that the vaccines used against common but preventable diseases, such as influenza, are specifically enhanced to overcome the reduced immune responsiveness of this vulnerable population.