The social buffering of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in humans: Developmental and experiential determinants.
The social buffering of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in humans: Developmental and experiential determinants.
复制标题
人类下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺皮质轴的社会缓冲：发育和体验决定因素。
DOI：
10.1080/17470919.2015.1070747
复制
发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Hostinar CE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gunnar MR;Hostinar CE
社会缓冲是社会支持的一个子集，是通过同种支持的可获得性减少压力中介神经生物学系统的活动的过程。虽然它在应对和适应能力方面发挥着重要作用，但我们对它在人类中的发育历史知之甚少。这篇简短的综述对人类从婴儿期到成年期的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质(HPA)应激反应的社会缓冲进行了综合的发展描述。在婴儿期，父母是孩子强大的压力调节器，但孩子的气质也起着作用，并与父母的养育质量相互作用，预测对恐惧或疼痛刺激的压力反应的幅度。最近的研究表明，父母的支持在儿童后期仍然是一种有效的压力缓冲，但到了青春期，它作为HPA轴的缓冲作用就失去了效力。青春期可能是改变父母缓冲能力的开关。在童年中期，朋友可能会起到缓冲压力的作用，特别是当其他同龄人是压力源的时候。成年后，浪漫伴侣承担起这种保护作用，尽管研究经常揭示出目前还不太清楚的性别差异。在这篇综述中指出，跨物种的翻译研究对于发展对社会缓冲和发育变化所涉及的过程的机械性理解至关重要。
Social buffering, a subset of social support, is the process through which the availability of a conspecific reduces the activity of stress-mediating neurobiological systems. While its role in coping and resilience is significant, we know little about its developmental history in humans. This brief review presents an integrative developmental account of the social buffering of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) stress reactivity in humans, from infancy to adulthood. During infancy, parents are powerful stress-regulators for children, but child temperament also plays a role and interacts with parenting quality to predict the magnitude of stress responses to fear or pain stimuli. Recent work indicates that parental support remains a potent stress buffer into late childhood, but that it loses its effectiveness as a buffer of the HPA axis by adolescence. Puberty may be the switch that alters the potency of parental buffering. In Beginning in middle childhood, friends may serve as stress buffers, particularly when other peers are the source of stress. By adulthood romantic partners assume this protective role, though studies often reveal sex differences that are currently not well understood. Translational research across species will be critical for developing a mechanistic understanding of social buffering and the processes involved in developmental changes noted in this review.