GEOMICROBIOLOGY IN CAVE ENVIRONMENTS: PAST, CURRENT AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
GEOMICROBIOLOGY IN CAVE ENVIRONMENTS: PAST, CURRENT AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
H. Barton;D. Northup
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作者：
H. Barton;D. Northup
1994年召开的喀斯特沃茨研究所喀斯特地质微生物学和氧化还原地球化学突破会议是美国洞穴地质微生物学研究历史上的一个分水岭。从那时起，洞穴地质微生物学的研究在数量、所用技术的复杂性和所获得结果的深度方面都有所加速。该领域已经从稀疏的，主要是描述性的性质，丰富的实验研究产生新的见解，在洞穴中的微生物-矿物相互作用的性质。为了深入了解洞穴地质微生物学不断变化的性质，我们将我们的综述分为Breakfasts会议之前和之后的研究，并集中在次生洞穴沉积物上：硫（硫化物系统），铁和锰（铁锰，a.k.a.腐蚀残留物沉积物）、硝酸盐（a.k.a.硝石）和碳酸盐化合物（洞穴沉积物和月乳沉积物）。关于硝石起源的辩论仍未解决;在确定细菌在硫磺洞穴生态系统中的作用方面取得了进展，包括通过生物源硫酸扩大洞穴;新的证据为细菌在形成某些月乳矿床方面的作用提供了一个模式;综合的地球化学和分子系统发育研究表明，某些铁锰矿床是生物源的，是氧化还原反应的结果;越来越多的证据表明，微生物在洞穴沉积物的碳酸盐沉淀中起着积极的作用。
The Karst Waters Institute Breakthroughs in Karst Geomicrobiology and Redox Geochemistry conference in 1994 was a watershed event in the history of cave geomicrobiology studies within the US. Since that time, studies of cave geomicrobiology have accelerated in number, complexity of techniques used, and depth of the results obtained. The field has moved from being sparse and largely descriptive in nature, to rich in experimental studies yielding fresh insights into the nature of microbe-mineral interactions in caves. To provide insight into the changing nature of cave geomicrobiology we have divided our review into research occurring before and after the Breakthroughs conference, and concentrated on secondary cave deposits: sulfur (sulfidic systems), iron and manganese (ferromanganese, a.k.a. corrosion residue deposits), nitrate (a.k.a. saltpeter), and carbonate compounds (speleothems and moonmilk deposits). The debate concerning the origin of saltpeter remains unresolved; progress has been made on identifying the roles of bacteria in sulfur cave ecosystems, including cavern enlargement through biogenic sulfuric acid; new evidence provides a model for the action of bacteria in forming some moonmilk deposits; combined geochemical and molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that some ferromanganese deposits are biogenic, the result of redox reactions; and evidence is accumulating that points to an active role for microorganisms in carbonate precipitation in speleothems.