Micro-dynamics of industrial competition Evidence from Korean manufacturing plants
Micro-dynamics of industrial competition Evidence from Korean manufacturing plants
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产业竞争的微观动态 来自韩国制造工厂的证据
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发表时间：
2000
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Joh
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作者：
S. Joh
本文通过对产业更替的决定因素和后果的分析，考察了韩国产业竞争的动态过程。新进入的企业既包括全新的生产者（新生），也包括从另一个行业进入的生产者（转入）。同样，退出的生产者既包括关闭业务（死亡）的生产者，也包括进入另一个行业（关闭）的生产者。本文使用1990年至1998年580个行业的69万个企业的数据，表明韩国的离职率是世界上最高的国家之一。统计分析表明，营业额方差的很大一部分与行业特定因素有关。同时，分析表明，宏观效应（GNP增长和通货膨胀）行业特征（行业增长率、资本需求、市场集中度等）生产者的具体因素（效率）对工厂一级的行业周转率和绩效的影响不同。研究还表明，效率低下的生产者不断被高效率的生产者取代。此外，研究还发现，进入者和垂死植物的绩效低于继续植物。此外，出生的植物比垂死的植物表现出更好的性能。该文件还表明，随着时间的推移，幸存的进入者的表现有所改善，而垂死的植物已经恶化。这种观察提供了一个重要的含义。由于进入者使用关闭工厂释放的资源，而且他们的业绩会随着时间的推移而改善，因此营业额将提高资源配置的效率。
This article examines the dynamic industrial competitive process in Korea through an analysis of determinants and consequences of industry turnovers. Entering firms include both entirely new producers (births) and producers that have moved in from another industry (switch-ins). Likewise, exiting producers include both producers that close their businesses (deaths) and producers that move into another industry (switch-outs). Using data of 690,000 establishments from 580 industries between 1990 and 1998, this paper shows that the turnover rate in Korea is one of the highest among countries. Statistical analysis shows that a large part of turnover variance is related to industry specific factors. At the same time, the analysis shows that macro-effects (GNP growth and inflation) industry characteristics (industry growth rate, capital requirement, market concentration, etc.) and producer specific factors (efficiency) affect industry turnover rates and performance at the plant level differently. The study also shows continual replacement of inefficient producers by efficient producers. In addition, the study also finds that the performance of entrants and dying plants was lower than that of continuing plants. Moreover, birth plants show better performance than dying plants. The paper also shows that the performance of surviving entrants has improved while that of dying plants has deteriorated over time. Such observation provides an important implication. Because entrants use resources released from closing plants and their performance improves over time, turnovers will improve efficient resource allocation.
大学标准协会公告（1988）。
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