Race and ethnic variation in college students' allostatic regulation of racism-related stress
Race and ethnic variation in college students' allostatic regulation of racism-related stress
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1922025117
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发表时间：
2020-12-08
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Nelson, Timothy D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheadle, Jacob E.;Goosby, Bridget J.;Nelson, Timothy D.
与种族主义相关的压力被认为通过负面情绪和适应压力过程的上调而导致广泛的种族/民族健康不平等。虽然先前的研究记录了种族相关的压力和健康的相关性，但由于方法和技术的限制，他们无法直接在原位测试压力反应性假设。在构建情感和适应理论的指导下，我们开发了一个使用可穿戴传感器和日常调查的协议，使我们能够操作和时间耦合自我报告的种族主义相关经历，负面情绪和情绪唤醒的独立生物信号。我们使用了100名来自白人大学校园的不同年轻人的数据，使用皮肤电活动（EDA）（一种交感神经系统活动的生物信号）来评估与种族主义相关的应激反应。我们发现，与种族主义相关的经历预测了负面情绪风险的增加和EDA的升高，这与提出的健康和疾病的适应模型一致。具体模式因种族/民族而异。例如，歧视和反刍与非裔美国学生的负面情绪有关，但只有人际歧视通过EDA预测了觉醒的增加。结果的模式在拉丁裔学生中更为普遍，对他们来说，人际歧视、代理种族主义暴露和反刍显著地调节了唤醒。与拉丁裔学生一样，非洲学生对间接种族主义的反应特别强烈，而1.5代黑人学生对与种族主义相关的经历一般没有反应。总的来说，这些发现通过对情感和交感神经系统对现实社会经验的反应的自然评估，为基于心理和身体健康的允许停滞理论提供了支持。
Racism-related stress is thought to contribute to widespread race/ ethnic health inequities via negative emotion and allostatic stress process up-regulation. Although prior studies document race related stress and health correlations, due to methodological and technical limitations, they have been unable to directly test the stress-reactivity hypothesis in situ. Guided by theories of constructed emotion and allostasis, we developed a protocol using wearable sensors and daily surveys that allowed us to operationalize and time-couple self-reported racism-related experiences, negative emotions, and an independent biosignal of emotional arousal. We used data from 100 diverse young adults at a predominantly White college campus to assess racism-related stress reactivity using electrodermal activity (EDA), a biosignal of sympathetic nervous system activity. We find that racism-related experiences predict both increased negative emotion risk and heightened EDA, consistent with the proposed allostatic model of health and disease. Specific patterns varied across race/ethnic groups. For example, discrimination and rumination were associated with negative emotion for African American students, but only interpersonal discrimination predicted increased arousal via EDA. The pattern of results was more general for Latinx students, for whom interpersonal discrimination, vicarious racism exposure, and rumination significantly modulated arousal. As with Latinx students, African students were particularly responsive to vicarious racism while 1.5 generation Black students were generally not responsive to racism-related experiences. Overall, these findings provide support for allo stasis-based theories of mental and physical health via a naturalistic assessment of the emotional and sympathetic nervous system responding to real-life social experiences.