Prefrontal modulation of working memory performance in brain injury and disease
Prefrontal modulation of working memory performance in brain injury and disease
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DOI：
10.1002/hbm.20226
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
DeLuca, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hillary, Frank G.;Genova, Helen M.;DeLuca, John
工作记忆和加工速度的相互关联的认知结构是人类一般智力功能的基本组成部分。重要的是，WM和处理速度在脑损伤、神经系统疾病甚至正常衰老的情况下都极易受到破坏。这篇文章的目的是总结和评论的功能成像研究的快速工作记忆的神经功能受损的人群。这篇综述特别关注外侧前额叶皮层在介导WM表现中的作用，并将健康成人的相关WM文献与临床文献中的当前研究结果相结合。一个重要的发现出现在这篇文献的总结是分离的贡献，腹外侧和背外侧前额叶皮层（VLPFC和DLPFC）在指导性能的任务，工作记忆。在整个审查中，它表明，当大脑资源受到挑战时，它是DLPFC，往往是正确的DLPFC，在调制WM功能中起着至关重要的作用。此外，本文还将研究任务表现与大脑激活之间的关系，以澄清临床样本中DLPFC活性增加的作用。最后，解释所观察到的增加DLPFC激活和潜在的独特作用，右DLPFC在介导WM性能期间的大脑挑战。
The inter-related cognitive constructs of working memory (WM) and processing speed are fundamental components to general intellectual functioning in humans. Importantly, both WM and processing speed are highly susceptible to disruption in cases of brain injury, neurologic illness, and even in normal aging. A goal of this article is to summarize and critique the functional imaging studies of speeded working memory in neurologically impaired populations. This review focuses specifically on the role of the lateral prefrontal cortex in mediating WM performance and integrates the relevant WM literature in healthy adults with the current findings in the clinical literature. One important finding emerging from a summary of this literature is the dissociable contributions made by ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC and DLPFC) in guiding performance on tasks of WM. Throughout this review, it is shown that when cerebral resources are challenged, it is DLPFC, and often right DLPFC specifically, that plays a critical role in modulating WM functioning. In addition, this article will examine the relationship between task performance and brain activation across studies to clarify the role of increased DLPFC activity in clinical samples. Finally, explanations are offered for the observed increased DLPFC activation and the potentially unique role of right DLPFC in mediating WM performance during periods of cerebral challenge.