Intrinsic scaling complexity in animal dispersion and abundance
Intrinsic scaling complexity in animal dispersion and abundance
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DOI：
10.1086/426673
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Mysterud, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gautestad, AO;Mysterud, I
有关动物分布和数量的生态学理论目前还不完整，在某种程度上还很幼稚。我们认为，这可能部分是由于在模型开发领域的一个悠久的传统，选择数学和统计工具的方便性，而不是适用性。真实的种群动力学受到非线性相互作用、非平衡条件和系统开放性的尺度复杂性的影响。因此，一个关于个人、群体和社区层面过程的连贯理论应该建立在数学和统计方法的基础上，这些方法以满足复杂系统统计力学原理的方式明确地面对这些问题。相反，生态理论传统上是基于从简单的统计力学理论的前提下的无记忆，规模特定的，随机行走，扩散过程，而动物从许多类群一般表示战略归巢，网站保真度，同种吸引力直接违反了主要模型的假设。因此，主要的挑战是将无记忆物理多体系统的理论推广到包括更现实的记忆影响框架，更好地满足生态现实主义。我们描述，模拟，并讨论了三个可测试的方面的多尺度栖息地使用模型在个人层面上：（1）无标度分布的运动步骤的影响下，自我加强网站的保真度，（2）分形空间分散的家庭范围内的搬迁，和（3）非渐近扩展观察到的家庭范围内的补丁使用增加一套搬迁。文献数据的例子显然支持的猜想，多尺度，战略空间的使用是广泛的许多动物类群也进行了说明。我们建议，目前的方法，它提供了一个协议，以测试无标度的影响，记忆依赖的栖息地使用在个人层面上，也可能指向一个指导方针，为复杂的人口动力学和时空人口动态的广义理论框架的发展。
Ecological theory related to animal distribution and abundance is at present incomplete and to some extent naive. We suggest that this may partly be due to a long tradition in the field of model development for choosing mathematical and statistical tools for convenience rather than applicability. Real population dynamics are influenced by nonlinear interactions, nonequilibrium conditions, and scaling complexity from system openness. Thus, a coherent theory for individual-, population-, and community-level processes should rest on mathematical and statistical methods that explicitly confront these issues in a manner that satisfies principles from statistical mechanics for complex systems. Instead, ecological theory is traditionally based on premises from simpler statistical mechanical theory for memory-free, scale-specific, random-walk, and diffusion processes, while animals from many taxa generally express strategic homing, site fidelity, and conspecific attraction in direct violation of primary model assumptions. Thus, the main challenge is to generalize the theory for memory-free physical, many-body systems to include a more realistic memory-influenced framework that better satisfies ecological realism. We describe, simulate, and discuss three testable aspects of a model for multiscaled habitat use at the individual level: (1) scale-free distribution of movement steps under influence of self-reinforcing site fidelity, (2) fractal spatial dispersion of intra-home range relocations, and (3) nonasymptotic expansion of observed intra-home range patch use with increasing set of relocations. Examples of literature data apparently supporting the conjecture that multiscaled, strategic space use is widespread among many animal taxa are also described. We suggest that the present approach, which provides a protocol to test for influence from scale-free, memory-dependent habitat use at the individual level, may also point toward a guideline for development of a generalized theoretical framework for complex population kinetics and spatiotemporal population dynamics.