Community structure of small fishes in a shallow macrophytic lake (Niushan Lake) along the middle reach of the Yangtze River, China
Community structure of small fishes in a shallow macrophytic lake (Niushan Lake) along the middle reach of the Yangtze River, China
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DOI：
10.1051/alr:2007005
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发表时间：
2006-10
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Shaowen Ye;Zhongjie Li;S. Lek-Ang;Feng Guang-peng;S. Lek;W. Cao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shaowen Ye;Zhongjie Li;S. Lek-Ang;Feng Guang-peng;S. Lek;W. Cao
本文描述了牛山湖小型鱼类群落的现状，并分析了其与主要环境因子的关系。根据水生植物的覆盖情况，将湖泊划分为3种主要生境类型：（1）微囊眼子菜生境;（2）微囊眼子菜和穗花狐尾藻生境;（3）无覆盖或少覆盖生境。从2002年9月至2003年8月，在这三种生境类型中，采用拦网法对鱼类进行了季节性定量采样。共捕获鱼类27种10 469尾，其中小型鱼类20种。根据其丰度和发生情况，将眼斑、异颌副唇鱼、麦穗鱼、斯氏鲈和红鳍确定为优势小型鱼类。结果表明：（1）小型鱼类在湖泊中占绝对优势，这在一定程度上反映了鱼类资源的个体缩小现象;（2）许多小型鱼类以植物碎屑为食物，这与湖泊中丰富的水生植物碎屑相一致，暗示了碎屑在支持小型鱼类次级生产中的重要性。典范对应分析表明，大多数小型鱼类的空间分布与复杂的水生植物覆盖条件。水生植物生物量与鱼类群落的物种丰富度、多样性指数和单位努力量渔获量（CPUE）呈正相关。水深对小型鱼类的物种多样性和分布没有显著影响。对应分析显示，夏、秋季小型鱼类的出现率较高，个体丰度较高。几个种类的季节长度-频率分布表明，幼虫和幼鱼出现在春季和夏季。本研究为长江湖泊小型鱼类群落的长期监测提供了基础资料。
This study describes the current status of the small fish community in Niushan Lake in China, and examines the spatial and seasonal variations of the community in relation to key environmental factors. Based on macrophyte cover conditions, the lake was divided into three major habitat types: (1) Potamogeton maackianus habitat, (2) Potamogeton maackianus and Myriophyllum spicatum habitat, and (3) uncovered or less-covered habitat. Fish were sampled quantitatively in the three habitat types by block nets seasonally from September 2002 to August 2003. A total of 10 469 individuals from 27 fish species were caught, among which 20 species were considered as small fishes. Rhodeus ocellatus, Paracheilognathus imberbis, Pseudorasbora parva, Micropercops swinhonis and Cultrichthys erythropterus were recognized as dominant small fishes according to their abundance and occurrence. It was noted that (1) small fishes predominated the total number of fish species in the lake, which reflected to some degree the size diminution phenomenon of fish resources; (2) many small fishes had plant detritus as their food item, which was consistent with the abundance of macrophyte detritus in the lake and implied the importance of detritus in supporting small fish secondary production. Canonical correspondence analysis suggested that the spatial distributions of most small fishes were associated with complex macrophyte cover conditions. Macrophyte biomass was positively correlated with species richness, diversity index and the catch per unit of effort (CPUE) of the fish community. Water depth had no significant effects on species diversity and distribution of the small fishes. Correspondence analysis revealed a higher occurrence of the small fishes and higher abundance of individuals in summer and autumn. Seasonal length-frequency distributions of several species indicated that more larval and juvenile individuals appeared in spring and summer. This study provides some baseline information which will be essential to long-term monitoring of small fish communities in the Yangtze lakes.