Bacterial Emission Factors: A Foundation for the Terrestrial-Atmospheric Modeling of Bacteria Aerosolized by Wildland Fires
Bacterial Emission Factors: A Foundation for the Terrestrial-Atmospheric Modeling of Bacteria Aerosolized by Wildland Fires
复制标题
细菌排放因子：野火雾化细菌的陆地-大气模型的基础
DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.3c05142
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发表时间：
2024
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Moore, Rachel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kobziar, Leda N.;Lampman, Phinehas;Tohidi, Ali;Kochanski, Adam K.;Cervantes, Antonio;Hudak, Andrew T.;McCarley, Ryan;Gullett, Brian;Aurell, Johanna;Moore, Rachel
野火是全球陆地环境和大气之间气溶胶交换的主要驱动因素。这种交换通常使用排放因子或燃烧每质量燃料所排放的污染物的质量来量化。然而，火灾雾化微生物的排放因子尚未确定。利用无人机系统在美国犹他州森林火灾中收集的细菌细胞浓度，我们首次确定了细菌排放因子（BEF）。我们估计，燃烧稀疏残留物和完整森林的火灾中消耗的每毫克生物质分别排放 1.39 × 1010 和 7.68 × 1011 微生物。这些排放量超出其他研究中背景细菌排放量的估计值 3-4 个数量级。对于鱼湖国家森林中约 2631 公顷的类似森林，平均每年燃烧，估计会排放 1.35 × 1017 个细胞或 8.1 千克细菌生物量。然后使用 BEF 对计算可扩展的粒子传输模型进行参数化，该模型预测超过 99% 的发射细胞会传输到 17.25 x 17.25 km 模型域之外。 BEF 可用于扩大对全球野火微生物排放及其对生态系统、大气和人类的潜在影响的了解。
Wildland fire is a major global driver in the exchange of aerosols between terrestrial environments and the atmosphere. This exchange is commonly quantified using emission factors or the mass of a pollutant emitted per mass of fuel burned. However, emission factors for microbes aerosolized by fire have yet to be determined. Using bacterial cell concentrations collected on unmanned aircraft systems over forest fires in Utah, USA, we determine bacterial emission factors (BEFs) for the first time. We estimate that 1.39 × 1010and 7.68 × 1011microbes are emitted for each Mg of biomass consumed in fires burning thinning residues and intact forests, respectively. These emissions exceed estimates of background bacterial emissions in other studies by 3–4 orders of magnitude. For the ∼2631 ha of similar forests in the Fishlake National Forest that burn each year on average, an estimated 1.35 × 1017cells or 8.1 kg of bacterial biomass were emitted. BEFs were then used to parametrize a computationally scalable particle transport model that predicted over 99% of the emitted cells were transported beyond the 17.25 x 17.25 km model domain. BEFs can be used to expand understanding of global wildfire microbial emissions and their potential consequences to ecosystems, the atmosphere, and humans.