Mapping the relative risk of surface water acidification based on cumulative acid deposition over the past 25 years in Japan
Mapping the relative risk of surface water acidification based on cumulative acid deposition over the past 25 years in Japan
复制标题
根据过去 25 年日本累积酸沉降绘制地表水酸化的相对风险图
DOI：
10.1007/s10310-016-0523-8
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Tomoyuki Hakamata
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Naoyuki Yamashita;Hiroyuki Sase;Tsuyoshi Ohizumi;Junichi Kurokawa;Toshimasa Ohara;Yu Morino;Masatoshi Kuribayashi;Seiichi Ohta;Shinji Kaneko;Kentaro Hayashi;Haruo Fukuhara;Tomoyuki Hakamata
日本的大气酸沉降敏感性图已有20年没有更新。在这里，我们提出了新的相对风险地图的森林地表水酸化的基础上加权叠加的累积潜在酸沉降（CPAD）模拟了25年的时间（1981-2005年），包括土壤和基岩酸化的敏感性。我们假设，在土壤和基岩对酸高度敏感的地区，相对酸化风险很高，并且在过去几十年中积累了大量的酸沉降。我们将细土和基岩图聚合成一个20公里的网格覆盖到80公里的网格图CPAD考虑他们在日本的空间结构。CPAD和土壤和基岩的敏感性之间的权重分配的基础上，在过去30年的河流pH值的观测趋势。由此产生的地表水酸化风险图显示，日本西部的大部分地区以及北海道、东北、关东和九州的较小地区都面临地表水酸化的高风险。在2001年至2009年pH值呈下降趋势的所有河流中，77%也是高风险地区。在基岩敏感性高的地区，酸沉降可能是控制地表水酸化的一个因素，除了高CPAD和土壤敏感性，尽管土壤酸化的风险仍不清楚。
Sensitivity maps of atmospheric acid deposition in Japan have not been updated in 20 years. Here, we propose new relative risk maps of surface water acidification in forests based on a weighted overlay of cumulative potential acid deposition (CPAD) simulated for a 25-year period (1981–2005), including the sensitivities of soil and bedrock to acidification. We assumed that relative acidification risk is high in areas that exhibit high sensitivities of soil and bedrock to acid and have received a large amount of cumulative acid deposition over the past several decades. We aggregated fine soil and bedrock maps into a 20-km mesh for overlay onto an 80-km mesh map of CPAD by considering their spatial structures in Japan. Allocation of the weights among CPAD and soil and bedrock sensitivities was performed based on observational trends in river pH over the past 30 years. The resulting risk map for surface water acidification showed that large areas of western Japan, as well as smaller areas of Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kanto, and Kyushu, are at high risk of surface water acidification. Seventy-seven percent of all rivers for which a declining trend in pH was observed from 2001 to 2009 were also high-risk areas. Acid deposition might be one factor controlling surface water acidification in areas with high bedrock sensitivity, in addition to high CPAD and soil sensitivity, although the risk of soil acidification remains unclear.