STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN LUNGS - A MODEL OF PULMONARY ELASTICITY
STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN LUNGS - A MODEL OF PULMONARY ELASTICITY
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DOI：
10.1152/jappl.1970.28.5.596
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发表时间：
1970-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
LEITH, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MEAD, J;TAKISHIMA, T;LEITH, D
米德，杰尔，玉津竹岛，和大卫·利斯。肺内应力分布：肺弹性模型。J.Appl.物理。28(5)：596-608。1970年虽然肺暴露在经肺压力下，但肺内的空气空间仅靠周围组织施加的力来扩张。通过将这些力与它们所作用的区域联系起来，我们得到了膨胀空气空间的有效压力。在均匀扩张的肺中，这一压力可能接近于经肺压力。在非均匀扩张的肺中，有效扩张压力不同于经肺压力，并在适当的征象中减少不均匀。这种空气空间膨胀的相互依赖关系与肺功能的许多方面有关，包括无气体状态下可膨胀的空气空间的大小、空气空间的静态和动态稳定性、空气空间的干燥程度、肺内呼吸道和血管的扩张力以及肺水肿的分布。机械相互依赖的主要功能似乎是支持空域的统一扩展。它所带来的主要功能风险是在承受异常高的外向作用应力的区域内毛细血管跨壁压力增加。肺弹性；肺静态后坐力；肺不张；肺泡稳定性；胸膜压力。肺机械特性的最大估计值依赖于经肺压力的测量--即呼吸道开口和胸膜表面之间的压力差。隐含的假设是，肺的所有部分，包括那些远离胸膜表面的部分，在其外壁暴露在胸膜压力下；但在肺内，一个空气空间的外壁是另一个空间的内壁。由于静态上，所有相互连接的呼吸道和空气空间中的气体压力是相同的，所以没有跨壁的压力差，所有扩张呼吸道和空气空间的力都必须来自组织附着。在这篇文章中，我们开发了一个模型，将这些力量与经肺压力联系起来。
MEAD, JERE, TAMOTSU TAKISHIMA, AND DAVID LEITH. Stress distribution in lungs: a model of pulmonary elasticity. J. Appl. Physiol. 28 (5): 596-608. 1970. Although lungs are exposed to transpulmonary pressure, the air spaces within are distended solely by forces applied from surrounding tissues. By relating these forces to the areas on which they operate, we derive the effective pressure distending air spaces. In uniformly expanded lungs this pressure probably approximates transpulmonary pressure. In nonuniformly expanded lungs the effective distending pressure differs from transpulmonary pressure, and in the appropriate sign to reduce the nonuniformity. This interdependence of air-space distention bears on a number of aspects of pulmonary function, including the size of air spaces which may be expanded from the gas-free state, the static and dynamic stability of air spaces, the dryness of air spaces, the forces distending airways and blood vessels within lungs, and the distribution of pulmonary edema. The principal function of the mechanical interdependence would appear to be to support uniform expansion of air spaces. The principal functional risk that it entails is increase in capillary transmural pressure in regions which become subjected to abnormally high outward-acting stress. lung elasticity; static recoil of lungs; atelectasis; alveolar stability; pleural pressureMOST ESTIMATES of the rncchanical properties of lungs depend on measurement of transpulmonary pressure-ie, the pressure difference between the airway opening and the pleural surface. Implicit is the assumption that all parts of the lung, including those at a distance from the pleural surface, are exposed at their outside walls to pleural pressure; but within the lung the outside wall of one air space is the inside wall of its neighbor. Since, statically, gas pressure in all interconnected airways and air spaces is the same, there are no pressure differences across walls, and all forces distending airways and air spaces must arise from tissue attachments. In this paper we develop a model which relates these forces to transpulmonary pressure.