Temporal Changes in Individualism and Their Ramification in Japan: Rising Individualism and Conflicts with Persisting Collectivism.
Temporal Changes in Individualism and Their Ramification in Japan: Rising Individualism and Conflicts with Persisting Collectivism.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00695
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Ogihara Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ogihara Y
许多研究表明，随着时间的推移，美国文化变得更加个人主义。然而，目前还不清楚其他文化，特别是东亚文化，是否也转向了更大的个人主义。因此，本文回顾了日本个人主义的时间变化及其对心理和行为的影响。日本经历了快速和戏剧性的经济增长和城市化，并在各种情况下采用了更多基于个人主义概念的社会制度（例如，工作场所、学校）。最近的研究表明，沿着这些社会经济变化，日本文化随着时间的推移变得更加个人主义。具体而言，离婚率上升，家庭规模缩小。而且，人们给孩子和狗起的名字也更独特，“个人”、“独特”等个人主义词汇也更频繁地出现在报纸上。此外，社会价值观变得更加个人主义。然而，事实也表明，一些集体主义价值观仍然存在。因此，人们难以适应这种共存，这损害了人际关系和福祉。本文探讨了日本文化如何随着时间的推移而变化，以及这种变化如何影响日本人的心理和行为。
Many studies have shown that American culture has become more individualistic over time. However, it was unclear whether other cultures, especially East Asian cultures, have also shifted toward greater individualism. Therefore, this article reviewed studies investigating temporal changes in individualism in Japan and their ramifications on psychology and behavior. Japan has experienced rapid and dramatic economic growth and urbanization and has adopted more social systems based on individualistic concepts in various contexts (e.g., workplace, school). Recent studies have suggested that, along with these socioeconomic changes, Japanese culture has become more individualistic over time. Specifically, the divorce rate increased and household size decreased. Moreover, people give more unique names to their children and dogs, and individualistic words such as “individual” and “uniqueness” appear more frequently in newspapers. Furthermore, social values became more individualistic. Yet, it has also been shown that some collectivistic values still remain. As a result, people have difficulty in adapting to this coexistence, which injures interpersonal relationships and well-being. This paper discussed how Japanese culture changed over time and how such changes affected Japanese psychology and behavior.