Carry on: Spontaneous Object Carrying in 13-Month-Old Crawling and Walking Infants
Carry on: Spontaneous Object Carrying in 13-Month-Old Crawling and Walking Infants
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DOI：
10.1037/a0026040
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Zuckerman, Alyssa L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karasik, Lana B.;Adolph, Karen E.;Zuckerman, Alyssa L.
搬运物品需要手动动作和移动的协调。本研究对24名13个月大的学步者和26名13个月大的爬行者进行了1小时的自然观察。走路的人更常携带物品，但爬行的人也会携带物品。一般来说，走路的人用手拿东西，而爬行的人用手同时拿东西和支撑身体。运动经验预测了两组人的搬运频率，这表明有经验的爬行者和步行者认为他们在运动中处理物体的能力增强了。尽管拿着物体会带来额外的生物力学限制，但携带确实可以改善直立平衡：爬行者在携带物体时很少摔倒，而步行者在没有物体的情况下摔倒的可能性比携带物体时更大。因此，在不产生额外摔倒风险的情况下，自发分娩可能为婴儿提供了结合运动和手动技能以及与环境互动的新途径。
Carrying objects requires coordination of manual action and locomotion. This study investigated spontaneous carrying in 24 walkers who were 13 months old and 26 crawlers who were 13 months old during 1-hr, naturalistic observations in the infants' homes. Carrying was more common in walkers, but crawlers also carried objects. Typically, walkers carried objects in their hands, whereas crawlers multitasked by using their hands simultaneously for holding objects and supporting their bodies. Locomotor experience predicted frequency of carrying in both groups, suggesting that experienced crawlers and walkers perceive their increased abilities to handle objects while in motion. Despite additional biomechanical constraints imposed by holding an object, carrying may actually improve upright balance: Crawlers rarely fell while carrying an object, and walkers were more likely to fall without an object in hand than while carrying. Thus, without incurring an additional risk of falling, spontaneous carrying may provide infants with new avenues for combining locomotor and manual skills and for interacting with their environments.