The stemness of neural crest cells and their derivatives.
The stemness of neural crest cells and their derivatives.
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DOI：
10.1002/bdrc.21079
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发表时间：
2014-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Kunisada;Ken-Ichi Tezulka;H. Aoki;T. Motohashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Kunisada;Ken-Ichi Tezulka;H. Aoki;T. Motohashi
神经嵴细胞（NCC）是脊椎动物所特有的，从神经板的边缘出现，随后在整个胚胎中广泛迁移，然后分化成许多类型的细胞。这种多能性是NCC被认为是干细胞生物学的多功能工具的主要原因，并且由于其在基于干细胞的治疗中的潜在用途而受到关注。由信号分子和转录因子组成的多组网络调节NCC的每个发育阶段，包括维持其多能性。多能干细胞系，如胚胎干细胞和诱导多能干细胞（iPS）细胞，促进NCC的诱导与用于神经干细胞的复杂培养系统相结合，尽管目前，基于NCC的细胞治疗的临床实验需要改进。出乎意料的是，NCC的多能性在它们作为组织神经嵴干细胞（NCSC）到达靶组织后得以维持，这可能有助于建立NCC衍生的多能干细胞。此外，在特定的培养条件下，NCC的命运限制的单能后代，如成黑素细胞，显示出分化为黑素细胞、神经元和神经胶质细胞的多能性。这些特性有助于NCC在治疗应用中的额外多功能性，并有助于更好地了解NCC的发展。
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are unique to vertebrates and emerge from the border of the neural plate and subsequently migrate extensively throughout the embryo after which they differentiate into many types of cells. This multipotency is the main reason why NCCs are regarded as a versatile tool for stem cell biology and have been gathering attention for their potential use in stem cell based therapy. Multiple sets of networks comprised of signaling molecules and transcription factors regulate every developmental phase of NCCs, including maintenance of their multipotency. Pluripotent stem cell lines, such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, facilitate the induction of NCCs in combination with sophisticated culture systems used for neural stem cells, although at present, clinical experiments for NCC-based cell therapy need to be improved. Unexpectedly, the multipotency of NCCs is maintained after they reach the target tissues as tissue neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) that may contribute to the establishment of NCC-derived multipotential stem cells. In addition, under specific culture conditions, fate-restricted unipotent descendants of NCCs, such as melanoblasts, show multipotency to differentiate into melanocytes, neurons, and glia cells. These properties contribute to the additional versatility of NCCs for therapeutic application and to better understand NCC development.