Why do chimpanzees hunt and share meat?
Why do chimpanzees hunt and share meat?
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DOI：
10.1006/anbe.2000.1681
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发表时间：
2001-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Watts, DP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mitani, JC;Watts, DP
野生黑猩猩，Pan troglodytes，经常狩猎和分享肉类。尽管有广泛的兴趣和大量的研究，持续存在的争议，影响黑猩猩狩猎决策和肉类共享的因素。有三个假设提到了生态、生殖和社会因素的重要性。营养短缺假说认为，黑猩猩狩猎是为了弥补季节性的食物短缺。第二种假说认为，雄性黑猩猩狩猎是为了获得肉，然后用肉来交换交配对象。第三种假说认为，雄性把肉食作为一种社交工具，来发展和维持与其他雄性的联盟。我们在乌干达基巴莱国家公园的恩戈戈观察了一个异常庞大的黑猩猩群落，并对这些假设进行了检验。结果并不支持营养不足或肉换性别的假设。Ngogo黑猩猩主要在食物丰富而不是稀缺的时候狩猎。发情期雌性的存在并不能预测黑猩猩的狩猎倾向。此外，以肉换性的交换很少发生，雄性并没有通过分享肉类获得交配优势。其他观察结果与男性社会联系假设一致。在Ngogo，雄性黑猩猩在其他雄性的陪伴下很可能会狩猎。男性之间的非随机共享肉类和肉，和男性交换肉的竞争支持。虽然有几个因素可能会影响黑猩猩的狩猎决策和肉类分享，这些结果表明，主要原因不会通过调用简单的精力或生殖的考虑。(C)2001年，动物行为研究协会。
Wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, frequently hunt and share meat. Despite widespread interest and considerable study, continued controversy exists regarding the factors that influence chimpanzee hunting decisions and meat sharing. Three hypotheses invoke the importance of ecological, reproductive and social factors. A nutritional shortfall hypothesis suggests that chimpanzees hunt to compensate for seasonal shortages in food availability. A second hypothesis argues that male chimpanzees hunt to obtain meat that they swap for matings. A third hypothesis proposes that males use meat as a social-tool to develop and maintain alliances with other males. We tested these hypotheses using observations of an unusually large community of chimpanzees at Ngogo in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Results did not support the nutritional shortfall or meat-for-sex hypotheses. The Ngogo chimpanzees hunted primarily during times of food abundance rather than scarcity. The presence of oestrous females did not predict the tendency of chimpanzees to hunt. Furthermore, meat-for-sex exchanges occurred infrequently, and males did not gain a mating advantage through sharing meat. Additional observations were consistent with the male social bonding hypothesis. At Ngogo, male chimpanzees were likely to hunt when accompanied by other males. Males shared meat nonrandomly and reciprocally among themselves, and males exchanged meat for agonistic support. Although several factors are likely to affect chimpanzee hunting decisions and meat sharing, these results indicate that primary causes will not be found through invoking simple energetic or reproductive considerations. (C) 2001 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.