The carnivorous digestive system and bamboo diet of giant pandas may shape their low gut bacterial diversity
The carnivorous digestive system and bamboo diet of giant pandas may shape their low gut bacterial diversity
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大熊猫的肉食性消化系统和竹子饮食可能导致其肠道细菌多样性较低
DOI：
10.1093/conphys/coz104
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发表时间：
2020-03-13
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Li, Ying
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guo, Wei;Chen, Yinfeng;Li, Ying
在饮食转换期间对八只大熊猫幼崽的肠道微生物群多样性进行了评估。食用竹子后，大熊猫幼崽的肠道微生物群多样性显着下降。以植物性饮食为生的肉食性物种的微生物多样性较低。小鼠以竹子饮食喂养，但肠道微生物群多样性并未表现出较低。大熊猫只吃竹子；然而，就细菌组成和功能潜力而言，它们的肠道微生物群与食肉动物比食草动物更相似。这与典型食草动物拥有高度多样化的肠道微生物群的观察结果不一致。目前还不清楚为什么大熊猫的肠道细菌多样性如此之低。在此，使用 16S rRNA 基因双端测序测量了 8 只大熊猫幼崽在饮食转换期间肠道微生物群的动态变化。小熊猫（一种草食性食肉动物）和肉食性物种的类似数据与大熊猫的数据进行了比较。此外，还给小鼠喂食高竹子饮食（80%竹子和20%大鼠饲料），以确定竹子饮食是否可以降低非肉食性消化道中的肠道细菌多样性。从牛奶和辅食转为竹子饮食后，大熊猫肠道微生物群的多样性显着下降。以植物为食的肉食物种，包括大熊猫和小熊猫，其微生物多样性低于其他肉食动物物种。在饮食中添加高纤维竹子后，小鼠肠道微生物群多样性显着增加。研究结果表明，肉食性消化系统中严格限制饮食（竹子）可能对于大熊猫肠道细菌多样性低下至关重要。
The gut microbiota diversity of eight panda cubs was assessed during a dietary switch.Gut microbiota diversity of panda cubs significantly decreased after bamboo consumption.Carnivorous species living on a plant-based diet possess low microbial diversity.Mice were fed a bamboo diet but did not display low gut microbiota diversity.Giant pandas have an exclusive diet of bamboo; however, their gut microbiotas are more similar to carnivores than herbivores in terms of bacterial composition and their functional potential. This is inconsistent with observations that typical herbivores possess highly diverse gut microbiotas. It is unclear why the gut bacterial diversity of giant pandas is so low. Herein, the dynamic variations in the gut microbiota of eight giant panda cubs were measured using 16S rRNA gene paired-end sequencing during a dietary switch. Similar data from red panda (an herbivorous carnivore) and carnivorous species were compared with that of giant pandas. In addition, mice were fed a high-bamboo diet (80% bamboo and 20% rat feed) to determine whether a bamboo diet could lower the gut bacterial diversity in a non-carnivorous digestive tract. The diversity of giant panda gut microbiotas decreased significantly after switching from milk and complementary food to bamboo diet. Carnivorous species living on a plant-based diet, including giant and red pandas, possess a lower microbial diversity than other carnivore species. Mouse gut microbiota diversity significantly increased after adding high-fibre bamboo to their diet. Findings suggest that a very restricted diet (bamboo) within a carnivorous digestive systemmight be critical for shaping a low gut bacterial diversity in giant pandas.