Psychostimulant use among college students during periods of high and low stress: An interdisciplinary approach utilizing both self-report and unobtrusive chemical sample data
Psychostimulant use among college students during periods of high and low stress: An interdisciplinary approach utilizing both self-report and unobtrusive chemical sample data
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DOI：
10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.01.021
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Ferm, Mikael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Moore, David R.;Burgard, Daniel A.;Ferm, Mikael
本研究通过自我报告测量和化学废水分析，量化了高压力和低压力时期精神兴奋剂的使用模式，并确定了大学校园中精神兴奋剂滥用的可能预测因素。在一个大学学期中，自我报告数据是在三个不同压力水平下收集的：开学第一周（N = 676）、期中（N = 468）和期末考试前不久（N = 400）。校园污水样本是在调查期间的72小时内收集的。采用固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）对阿得拉和利他林的代谢产物进行定量分析。样品用肌酐归一化。有证据表明，在压力期间，精神兴奋剂的使用有所增加，从第一周和期中之间的自我报告数据，从这两个评估期间的化学数据，以及第一周的课程和期末之间的化学数据中发现了显著差异。终生使用非规定性精神兴奋剂的主要预测因素包括自我报告的拖延症和时间管理不善，使用其他物质（特别是尼古丁/烟草，酒精和可卡因），以及学生对校园非规定性精神兴奋剂使用的规范性的看法。研究结果进一步揭示了大学生使用精神兴奋剂的模式，特别是作为压力的功能；该研究还强调了采用跨学科方法的好处，这种方法使用了主观和客观的经验数据。研究结果对旨在减轻压力和促进健康应对的大学校园预防/干预项目具有启示意义。(C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
This study quantified psychostimulant use patterns over periods of high and low stress from both self-report measures and chemical wastewater analyses and identified possible predictors of psychostimulant abuse on a college campus. Self-report data were collected at three times of varying stress levels throughout one college semester: during the first week of school (N = 676), midterms (N = 468), and shortly before final exams (N = 400). Campus wastewater samples were collected over 72-hour periods during the same time frames as the surveys. The metabolites of Adderall and Ritalin were quantified through solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Samples were normalized with creatinine. Evidence was found to suggest an increase in psychostimulant use during periods of stress, with significant differences found from self-report data between the first week and midterms and from chemical data between these same two assessment periods as well as between the first week of classes and finals. Key predictors of lifetime non-prescriptive psychostimulant use included self-reported procrastination and poor time-management, use of other substances (especially nicotine/tobacco, alcohol, and cocaine), and students' perception of non-prescriptive psychostimulant use as normative on campus. The findings shed further light on psychostimulant use patterns among college students, particularly as a function of stress; the study also highlights the benefit of utilizing an interdisciplinary approach that uses both subjective and objective empirical data. The results have implications for prevention/intervention programs on college campuses designed to reduce stress and facilitate healthier coping. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.