Identification and characterization of thirteen gene families involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba
Identification and characterization of thirteen gene families involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba
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DOI：
10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115576
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发表时间：
2022-09-15
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Wang, Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Liu, Sian;Meng, Zhaolong;Wang, Li
银杏叶中含有丰富的药用成分，是银杏的主要原料。银杏叶提取物（GBE）。银杏叶提取物在治疗心脑血管疾病方面疗效显著，被广泛应用于临床医学。黄酮类化合物是银杏叶提取物的主要成分，决定了银杏叶的药用价值。然而，G.银杏黄酮的生物合成尚不清楚。我们在G.银杏黄酮生物合成途径，共获得111个酶基因。对G. biloba具有高拷贝数并且聚集在染色体上。此外，多个基因含有超大内含子。这111个酶基因的启动子包含对光反应的元件，以及多个与光相关的元件和胁迫反应元件。通过实时荧光定量PCR分析，证实这些基因受到激素、紫外线B（UV-B）和干旱胁迫的诱导。亚细胞定位实验表明，GbCHS 9和GbC 4 H4蛋白定位于细胞质，细胞核和细胞膜。Degradome数据分析证实了10个miRNAs靶向4个基因。综上所述，我们鉴定了13个与类黄酮生物合成有关的基因家族。biloba，并揭示了一些独特的功能，没有发现在被子植物。本研究结果为进一步研究G.银杏黄酮生物合成
Ginkgo biloba leaves are rich in medicinal compounds, which constitute the raw materials of G. biloba extract (GBE). GBE is known for its outstanding curative effects in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and is widely used in clinical medicine. Flavonoids are the primary components of GBE and determine the medicinal value of leaves. However, the copy numbers, characteristics, and expression patterns of genes involved in G. biloba flavonoid biosynthesis are unclear. Here, we identified 13 gene families in the G. biloba flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, and obtained 111 enzyme genes. The flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes of G. biloba have high copy numbers and are clustered on chromosomes. In addition, multiple genes contain ultra-large introns. The promoters of the 111 enzyme genes contain elements that respond to light, as well as multiple hormone-related elements and stress response elements. These genes were also confirmed to be induced by hormones, ultraviolet B (UV-B), and drought stress by real-time quantitative PCR. Subcellular localization experiments showed that the GbCHS9 and GbC4H4 proteins were localized in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell membrane. Degradome data analysis confirmed that 10 miRNAs targeted four genes. In summary, we identified and characterized 13 gene families involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in G. biloba and revealed some unique features not found in angiosperms. The results of this study provide a basis for further investigation of the genes regulating G. biloba flavonoid biosynthesis.