Effects of Sachet Water Consumption on Exposure to Microbe-Contaminated Drinking Water: Household Survey Evidence from Ghana.
Effects of Sachet Water Consumption on Exposure to Microbe-Contaminated Drinking Water: Household Survey Evidence from Ghana.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph13030303
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发表时间：
2016-03-09
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Adanu R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wright J;Dzodzomenyo M;Wardrop NA;Johnston R;Hill A;Aryeetey G;Adanu R
关于发展中国家饮用水消费点的全国代表性研究仍然很少。本研究的目的是探讨与E.加纳的大肠杆菌污染。它借鉴了一项具有全国代表性的家庭调查，即2012 - 2013年生活水平调查6，其中纳入了一个新的水质模块。E.采用多项式回归法对3096份消费点样品中的大肠杆菌污染进行了检测。地表水的使用是高E的最强危险因素。大肠杆菌污染（相对风险比（RRR）= 32.3，p < 0.001），而包装（袋装或瓶装）水的使用有最大的保护作用（RRR = 0.06，p < 0.001），与管道水的处所。E.大肠杆菌污染遵循合理的模式，在细菌计数中具有数字偏好（倾向于报告以零结尾的值）。分析表明，包装饮用水的使用提供了一些保护，对消费点E。大肠杆菌污染，因此可能有益于公众健康。它还表明，可行的水质数据可以与家庭调查一起收集，但现场协议需要进一步修订。
There remain few nationally representative studies of drinking water quality at the point of consumption in developing countries. This study aimed to examine factors associated with E. coli contamination in Ghana. It drew on a nationally representative household survey, the 2012−2013 Living Standards Survey 6, which incorporated a novel water quality module. E. coli contamination in 3096 point-of-consumption samples was examined using multinomial regression. Surface water use was the strongest risk factor for high E. coli contamination (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 32.3, p < 0.001), whilst packaged (sachet or bottled) water use had the greatest protective effect (RRR = 0.06, p < 0.001), compared to water piped to premises. E. coli contamination followed plausible patterns with digit preference (tendency to report values ending in zero) in bacteria counts. The analysis suggests packaged drinking water use provides some protection against point-of-consumption E. coli contamination and may therefore benefit public health. It also suggests viable water quality data can be collected alongside household surveys, but field protocols require further revision.