SPAWNING INDUCTION, AND LARVAL AND JUVENILE REARING OF THE GIANT CLAM, TRIDACNA-GIGAS
SPAWNING INDUCTION, AND LARVAL AND JUVENILE REARING OF THE GIANT CLAM, TRIDACNA-GIGAS
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DOI：
10.1016/0044-8486(86)90094-3
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发表时间：
1986-11-15
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
LUCAS, JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CRAWFORD, CM;NASH, WJ;LUCAS, JS
T. gigas（L.）使用活组织检查技术选择具有成熟性腺的亲鱼，并使用性腺内注射5-羟色胺诱导产卵。一些幼虫饲养使用传统的双壳类养殖技术在500升的坦克，与高达40%的生存7-8天后解决。其他的幼虫是从直接添加到跑道的卵中大量饲养的。有重死亡率或变态后不久，在所有组的青少年蛤和青少年的生存从密集的幼虫饲养收获在5个月不到1%。从4 × 10 - 4的跑道上收获相似数量的幼蛤。105只密集饲养的pediveligers或2倍。最初加入107个卵（广泛培养），总共产生约100个卵。6000只幼蛤一些幼蛤被喂食培养的微藻几个月，以补充从共生的虫黄藻中获得的营养。这些蛤蜊的存活率比不进食的蛤蜊差，显然是因为它们被底栖藻类过度生长。幼鱼在收获时在跑道上的分布不受水流扰动或遮光的影响，但遮光降低了生长速率。青少年的增长率和密度要高得多的纹理比光滑的基板。我们的研究表明，双壳类软体动物幼体的大量培育方法适合于T。然而，双壳类育苗的典型方法并不容易适用于巨型蛤仔。需要进一步研究这些方法以及影响幼鱼存活和生长的因素。
Specimens of T. gigas (L.) with mature gonads were selected for broodstock using a biopsy technique and induced to spawn using intragonadal injections of serotonin. Some larvae were reared using conventional bivalve rearing techniques in 500-l tanks, with up to 40% survival to settlement after 7-8 days. Other larvae were reared extensively from eggs added directly to raceways. There was heavy mortality at or soon after metamorphosis in all groups of juvenile clams and survival of juveniles from intensive larval rearing was less than 1% to harvesting at 5 months. Similar numbers of juvenile clams were harvested from raceways to which 4 .times. 105 intensively reared pediveligers or 2 .times. 107 eggs (extensive culture) were added initially, yielding a total of ca. 6000 juvenile clams. Some juvenile clams were fed cultured microalgae for several months to supplement the nutrients obtained from their symbiotic zooxanthellae. These clams showed poorer survival than unfed clams, apparently because they were more overgrown by benthic algae. The distribution of juveniles in the raceways at harvesting was not influenced by water turbulence or shading, but growth rates were reduced by shading. Growth rates and densities of juveniles were much higher on textured than smooth substrates. We have shown that the mass rearing methods used for bivalve mollusc larvae are appropriate to T. gigas larvae; however, the typical methods for bivalve nursery rearing are not readily applicable to giant clam juveniles. Further research is required on these methods and on factors affecting juvenile survival and growth.