The impact of storm events on solute exports from a glaciated forested watershed in western New York, USA
The impact of storm events on solute exports from a glaciated forested watershed in western New York, USA
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DOI：
10.1002/hyp.6141
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发表时间：
2006-10
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Shreeram Inamdar;N. O'Leary;Myron J. Mitchell;J. T. Riley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shreeram Inamdar;N. O'Leary;Myron J. Mitchell;J. T. Riley
本文分析了2003年5月~ 2004年4月美国纽约州西部696公顷冰川森林流域降水事件对地表水化学和溶质输出的重要性。研究的具体目标是确定：(a)个别风暴事件中溶质的时间模式；(b)降水事件对季节性和年度出口预算的影响；(c)不同季节降水事件的溶质浓度和负荷如何随风暴强度和先前湿度条件的变化而变化。溶质轨迹分析表明，NH4+、总Al和溶解有机氮（DON）浓度在水线上升段达到峰值，而溶解有机碳（DOC）浓度在排放峰之后达到峰值。硫酸盐和碱阳离子在放电峰值附近呈现最小稀释模式。端元混合分析表明，上升支流的通流贡献最大，而河谷底部的河岸水在流量峰值之后达到峰值。NO3−浓度的变化轨迹随季节而变化，表明生物过程对这种溶质的产生和通量有影响。风暴事件对NH4+、K+、总溶解Al、DON和DOC的年度预算影响最大。夏季的风暴事件对季节溶质收支影响最大。夏季事件的每小时排放量最高，溶质浓度也很高。然而，春季融雪事件期间NO3−和DOC的出口量明显高于其他时期的大型融雪事件。风暴的比较表明，季节、降水量和先前的湿度条件影响溶质浓度和负荷。溶质浓度升高的风暴发生后，干燥的先决条件。其中7个最大的风暴仅占年排放量的15%，但分别占NH4+、K+、Al、NO3−、DON和DOC年出口量的34%、19%、64%、13%、39%和24%。这些结果表明，预测未来气候变化情景下的强烈和不频繁的风暴可能会增加流域溶质的出口，如DOC、DON、NH4+、Al和K+。版权所有©2006约翰威利父子有限公司
This study analysed the importance of precipitation events from May 2003 to April 2004 on surface water chemistry and solute export from a 696 ha glaciated forested watershed in western New York State, USA. The specific objectives of the study were to determine: (a) the temporal patterns of solutes within individual storm events; (b) the impact of precipitation events on seasonal and annual export budgets; and (c) how solute concentrations and loads varied for precipitation events among seasons as functions of storm intensity and antecedent moisture conditions. Analysis of solute trajectories showed that NH4+, total Al and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) peaked on the hydrograph rising limb, whereas dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations peaked following the discharge peak. Sulphate and base‐cations displayed a dilution pattern with a minimum around peak discharge. End‐member mixing analysis showed that throughfall contributions were highest on the rising limb, whereas valley‐bottom riparian waters peaked following the discharge peak. The trajectories of NO3− concentrations varied with season, indicating the influence of biotic processes on the generation, and hence flux, of this solute. Storm events had the greatest impact on the annual budgets for NH4+, K+, total dissolved Al, DON and DOC. Storm events during summer had the greatest impact on seasonal solute budgets. Summer events had the highest hourly discharges and high concentrations of solutes. However, NO3− and DOC exports during a spring snowmelt event were considerably more than those observed for large events during other periods of the year. Comparisons among storms showed that season, precipitation amount, and antecedent moisture conditions affected solute concentrations and loads. Concentrations of solutes were elevated for storms that occurred after dry antecedent conditions. Seven of the largest storms accounted for only 15% of the annual discharge, but were responsible for 34%, 19%, 64%, 13%, 39% and 24% of the annual exports of NH4+, K+, Al, NO3−, DON and DOC respectively. These results suggest that the intense and infrequent storms predicted for future climate‐change scenarios will likely increase the exports of solutes like DOC, DON, NH4+, Al and K+ from watersheds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.