Dairy cows under experimentally-induced Escherichia coli mastitis show negative emotional states assessed through Qualitative Behaviour Assessment
Dairy cows under experimentally-induced Escherichia coli mastitis show negative emotional states assessed through Qualitative Behaviour Assessment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.applanim.2018.06.004
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Foucras, Gilles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
des Roches, Alice de Boyer;Lussert, Alexandra;Foucras, Gilles
乳腺炎和相关疼痛已被确定为影响奶牛的主要健康和福利问题，然而，人们对奶牛如何在情感上经历这种疾病知之甚少。定性行为评估（QBA）是一种评估动物情感的“全动物”方法，通过描述和量化动物动态行为风格的表达品质（例如放松，焦虑）。本研究的目的是利用QBA来研究奶牛的情绪表达是否受到大肠杆菌的实验性乳腺内攻击（乳腺炎）的影响，并研究QBA评分与其他9项临床、生理和行为福利指标的关系。在一个健康的四分之一中接种6头荷斯坦-弗里西亚奶牛大肠杆菌。使用细菌学生长和体细胞计数（SCC）评估疾病的演变。牛的应对挑战是评估使用QBA,临床观察,数据记录器,瘤胃温度传感器,和生理指标(炎症、压力)十跨度为定义阶段的疾病:接种(阶段0:0 h)之前,在临床前阶段(阶段1:8 h),在急性期(阶段2:12 h, 16 h, 24 h)和缓解阶段(阶段3:32 h, 40小时,56个h, 64 h和80 h post-inoculation (hpi))。QBA分数的主成分分析确定了奶牛表达的两个主要维度：PC1，范围从活跃/活力/快乐/明亮到痛苦/沮丧/昏沉，PC2，范围从恐惧/紧张/焦虑到自信/平静/放松，共同解释了总变异的58%。QBA PC1和PC2评分随乳腺炎分期而变化：QBA PC1评分在第二阶段下降4.09分，在第三阶段下降1.98分，反映了痛苦/沮丧/昏睡的表达性。QBA PC2评分在第三阶段下降了1.91分，反映了自信/冷静/放松的表达能力。临床和生理福利指标与QBA相关。奶牛乳腺严重度评分、体温、皮质醇、SAA、tnf - α和IL-1 β浓度越高，煎熬/沮丧/嗜睡（PC1）程度越高（系数分别为-0.51、-0.92、-2.46、7.52 × 10-5、-0.72、-1.13）。上述结果表明，奶牛在乳腺炎急性期经历负性情绪状态，在缓解期经历正性情绪状态。这表明在乳腺炎期间提供疼痛缓解治疗可能改善动物福利，并可能导致更快的疾病缓解。然而，本研究的样本量很小，需要更大规模的对照研究来进一步调查这些发现和假设。在这项小型研究中，QBA的敏感性表明它可能是大肠杆菌乳腺炎检测的有用工具。
Mastitis and associated pain have been identified as a major health and welfare problem affecting dairy cows, however little is known about how cows emotionally experience this illness. Qualitative behaviour assessment (QBA) is a 'whole animal' methodology for assessing animal emotion, through description and quantification of the expressive qualities of an animal's dynamic style of behaving (eg as relaxed, anxious). The aim of this study was to use QBA to investigate whether emotional expression in dairy cows is affected by an experimental intra" mammary challenge (mastitis) with Escherichia coli, and to investigate the relationship of QBA scores with nine other clinical, physiological and behavioural welfare indicators.Six Holstein-Friesian cows were inoculated with E. coli in one healthy quarter. Evolution of the disease was assessed using bacteriological growth and somatic cell counts (SCC). The cows' response to the challenge was assessed using QBA, clinical observations, data loggers, rumen temperature sensor, and physiological indicators (inflammation, stress) at ten time-points defining the phase of the disease: before inoculation (Phase 0: 0 h), in the pre-clinical Phase (Phase 1: 8 h), in the acute phase (Phase 2: 12 h, 16 h, 24 h) and in the remission phase (Phase 3 : 32 h, 40 h, 56 h, 64 h and 80 h post-inoculation (hpi)).Principal Component Analysis of QBA scores identified two main dimensions of cow expression: PC1, ranging from active/vigorous/happy/bright to suffering/dejected/lethargic, and PC2, ranging from fearful/tense/anxious to confident/calm/relaxed, together explaining 58% of the total variation. QBA PC1 and PC2 scores varied with mastitis phases: QBA PC1 scores decreased by 4.09 in Phase 2, and by 1.98 in Phase 3, reflecting suffering/dejected/lethargic expressivity. QBA PC2 scores decreased by 1.91 in Phase 3, reflecting a confident/calm/relaxed expressivity. Clinical and physiological welfare indicators were associated with QBA. The higher the udder severity score, the body temperature, the concentrations of cortisol, SAA, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta, the more the cows were suffering/dejected/lethargic (PC1) (coefficients:-0.51,-0.92,-2.46, 7.52 x 10-5,-0.72,-1.13 respectively).These findings indicate that dairy cows experienced negative emotional state in the acute phase and positive emotional state in the remission phase of mastitis. This suggests that provision of pain-relief treatment during mastitis may improve animal welfare, and potentially lead to faster disease remission. However the sample size of this study was small, and larger controlled studies are needed to further investigate these findings and hypotheses. The sensitivity of QBA in this small study suggests it could potentially be a useful tool for E. coli mastitis detection.