Losers and winners in coral reefs acclimatized to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations
Losers and winners in coral reefs acclimatized to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations
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DOI：
10.1038/nclimate1122
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
30.7
通讯作者：
Lough, Janice M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fabricius, Katharina E.;Langdon, Chris;Lough, Janice M.
实验表明，由于大气中二氧化碳浓度上升而导致的海洋酸化对许多海洋生物的表现产生有害影响（1-4）。然而，很少有经验或模型研究探讨海洋酸化对海洋生态系统的长期影响（5-7）。在这里，我们表明，随着pH值从8.1下降到7.8（如果大气中二氧化碳浓度从390 ppm增加到750 ppm，预计会发生变化，与本世纪末的一些情景一致），一些生物受益，但更多的生物会损失。我们调查了珊瑚礁，海草和沉积物，适应低pH值在三个凉爽和浅火山二氧化碳渗漏在巴布亚新几内亚。在降低pH值，我们观察到珊瑚多样性，招聘和丰富的结构复杂的框架建设者，并在类群之间的竞争相互作用的变化减少。然而，珊瑚覆盖率在pH值8.1和近似7.8之间保持不变，因为尽管钙化率很低，但大量的滨珊瑚仍然占据了结构珊瑚的主导地位。珊瑚礁在pH值低于7.7时停止发育。我们从这一独特的现场环境中获得的经验数据证实了模型预测，即海洋酸化和温度压力可能会导致本世纪内印度洋-太平洋珊瑚礁的多样性、结构复杂性和恢复力严重下降。
Experiments have shown that ocean acidification due to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations has deleterious effects on the performance of many marine organisms(1-4). However, few empirical or modelling studies have addressed the long-term consequences of ocean acidification for marine ecosystems(5-7). Here we show that as pH declines from 8.1 to 7.8 (the change expected if atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increase from 390 to 750 ppm, consistent with some scenarios for the end of this century) some organisms benefit, but many more lose out. We investigated coral reefs, seagrasses and sediments that are acclimatized to low pH at three cool and shallow volcanic carbon dioxide seeps in Papua New Guinea. At reduced pH, we observed reductions in coral diversity, recruitment and abundances of structurally complex framework builders, and shifts in competitive interactions between taxa. However, coral cover remained constant between pH 8.1 and similar to 7.8, because massive Porites corals established dominance over structural corals, despite low rates of calcification. Reef development ceased below pH 7.7. Our empirical data from this unique field setting confirm model predictions that ocean acidification, together with temperature stress, will probably lead to severely reduced diversity, structural complexity and resilience Of Indo-Pacific coral reefs within this century.