Recommendations regarding imaging of the central nervous system in fetuses and neonates.
Recommendations regarding imaging of the central nervous system in fetuses and neonates.
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DOI：
10.15557/jou.2014.0020
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发表时间：
2014-06
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Bokiniec R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Helwich E;Bekiesińska-Figatowska M;Bokiniec R
在筛查检查中胎儿出现中枢神经系统异常是扩大诊断的指征，其目的是解释这种异常的特征(先天性缺陷、宫内感染的破坏性影响或原因难以解释的异常)。了解胎儿大脑的正常发育顺序是正确解释影像表现的基础。加上早产儿存活率的增加，在这个极其不成熟的人群中，早期脑损伤的高风险仍然是一个问题。因此，影像检查变得很有必要。本文介绍了早期脑损伤的宫内和出生后危险因素，以及这种损害的分类，出血和缺氧缺血的病因。强调小脑损伤的诊断，小脑损伤目前被认为是自闭症的一个重要原因。此外，还介绍了病变随时间的演变。强调了诊断因素对预后的重要性。中枢神经系统成像检查的标准包括超声检查的时间表，并提供利用磁共振成像进行扩展诊断的指征。
An abnormal presentation of the central nervous system in a fetus during a screening examination is an indication for extended diagnosis, the aim of which is to explain the character of such an anomaly (a congenital defect, destructive effect of intrauterine infection or abnormality with reasons that are difficult to explain). Knowledge of normal development sequence of the fetal brain, which is discussed in this paper, is the basis for correct interpretation of imaging findings. Together with the increase in survival of preterm neonates, a high risk of early brain damage is still a problem in this extremely immature population. Therefore, imaging examinations become necessary. The paper presents intrauterine and postnatal risk factors of early brain damage as well as classification of such lesions, of hemorrhagic and hypoxic-ischemic etiology. The diagnosis of the cerebellum damage, which is currently believed to be a significant cause of autism, is emphasized. The evolution of lesions over time is also presented. Moreover, the elements of diagnosis important for prognosis are stressed. The standards of imaging examinations of the central nervous system include the schedule of ultrasound examinations and provide indications for extended diagnosis with the use of magnetic resonance imaging.