The role of agrin in synapse formation.
The role of agrin in synapse formation.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.002303
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发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
13.9
通讯作者：
M. Bowe;Justin R. Fallon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Bowe;Justin R. Fallon
神经元和它们的目标之间精确、快速和有序的通信是神经系统的显著特征。化学突触是这种信息交换的主要场所，对其正常功能所必需的结构和分子特化有相当详细的理解(Jessell&Kandel 1993，Stevens 1993)。相比之下，人们对突触结构在发育和再生过程中是如何调节的知之甚少。这样的结构变化也可能改变学习和记忆中突触可塑性的重要方面(Bliss&Collingbridge 1993，Lisman&Harris 1993)。我们对突触发生的大部分知识都来自于对神经肌肉连接的研究。对这种突触分化机制的探索主要集中在三个分子系统上：细胞骨架及其相关的膜蛋白、营养因子和一种特殊的细胞外基质成分--集聚蛋白。最近的综述涉及突触发生的整个过程以及细胞骨架和营养因子的贡献(Salpeter 1987，Falls et al 1993，Froehner 1993，Hall&Sanes 1993)。在这里，我们集中讨论集聚蛋白，它可能在神经肌肉连接处突触后装置的信号和调节分化中发挥中心作用(Nastuk&Fallon 1993)。此外，我们还讨论了越来越多的证据表明集聚蛋白在中枢神经系统中具有类似的作用。
The precise, rapid, and ordered communication between neurons and their targets is the distinguishing characteristic of the nervous system. Chemical synapses are the primary locus of this information exchange, and the structural and molecular specializations essential for their proper functioning are under stood in considerable detail (reviewed in Jessell & Kandel 1993, Stevens 1993). In contrast, much less is known about how synaptic structure is regulated during development and regeneration. Such structural changes may also me diate important aspects of synaptic plasticity in learning and memory (Bliss & Collingridge 1993, Lisman & Harris 1993). Most of our knowledge of synaptogenesis has come from studying the neuromuscular junction. A search for the mechanisms underlying differentia tion at this synapse has focussed on three molecular systems: the cytoskeleton and its associated membrane proteins, trophic factors, and a specific extracel lular matrix component, agrin. Recent reviews have dealt with the overall process of synaptogenesis and with the contribution of the cytoskeleton and trophic factors (Salpeter 1987, Falls et al 1993, Froehner 1993, Hall & Sanes 1993). Here we focus on agrin, which is likely to play a central role in signaling and regulating the differentiation of the postsynaptic apparatus at the neuro muscular junction (Nastuk & Fallon 1993). In addition, we also discuss the mounting evidence suggesting an analogous role for agrin in the CNS.