SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF A SOFT CORAL - SYNCHRONOUS AND BRIEF ANNUAL SPAWNING OF SARCOPHYTON-GLAUCUM (QUOY AND GAIMARD, 1833)
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF A SOFT CORAL - SYNCHRONOUS AND BRIEF ANNUAL SPAWNING OF SARCOPHYTON-GLAUCUM (QUOY AND GAIMARD, 1833)
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DOI：
10.2307/1541378
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发表时间：
1986-02-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
LOYA, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BENAYAHU, Y;LOYA, Y
在红海北部珊瑚礁对青海八色珊瑚Sarcophyton glucum(Quoy&Gaimard，1833)的有性繁殖进行了长达四年的研究。青冈是雌雄异株的物种，性腺产于自体动物体内。带有睾丸的最小蜂群为11厘米~3(6-7岁)，而雌性达到成熟的群体规模要大得多，至少61厘米~3(10岁)。种群性别比为1：1，精囊发育历时10~12个月。卵子的发生每年都会发生，然而卵子的成熟需要22-23个月，导致每只雌性都有两组卵母细胞。成熟卵为多卵母细胞，最大直径为500-750µm。青冈的产卵期很短，大多数种群在一个晚上(1980年的产卵期是在7月9日)。卵子的大小并不是它们长时间卵子发生的最终原因。然而，一个群体在短暂的产卵期内产生的大量卵的同步成熟需要很高的能量消耗，这些能量消耗在两年内分配。受精方式为体外受精，产卵后36h即可获得发育完全的扁平体。幼虫游动时间长达14天，促进了物种的广泛扩散。青冈的生活史特征是体型较大，生殖开始年龄较大，卵子发生周期延长，群体生长缓慢，寿命较长。
The sexual reproduction of the alcyonacean octocoral Sarcophyton glaucum (Quoy& Gaimard, 1833) was studied for a period of about four years on the coral reefs of the northern Red Sea. S. glaucum is a dioecious species with gonads borne in the autozooids. The smallest colonies bearing testes measure 11 cm3 (6-7 years old) while females attain maturity at a much larger colony size of at least 61 cm3 (> ten years old). Sex ratio of the population is 1:1. The annual development of the sperm sacs takes 10-12 months. Oogenesis occurs every year, however egg maturation requires 22-23 months, resulting in the presence of two cohorts of oocytes in each female. The mature eggs are polylecithal with a maximal diameter of 500-750 .mu.m. S. glaucum has a brief annual spawning period which occurs in the majority of the population during a single night (in 1980, spawning was on 9 July). The large size of the eggs is not the ultimate cause for their prolonged period of oogenesis. Nevertheless, the synchronous maturation of numerous eggs produced by a colony during a brief spawning period demands high energy expenditure which is allocated during two years. Fertilization is external and fully developed planulae are obtained 36 h after spawning. The larvae swim actively for 14 days, hence, promoting wide dispersal of the species. Life history features of S. glaucum include large body size, late age at the onset of reproduction, prolonged oogenic cycle, slow growth of the colony, and long life span.