The ‘White Heat’ Revisited: The British Government and Technology in the 1960s
The ‘White Heat’ Revisited: The British Government and Technology in the 1960s
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重温“白热化”：20 世纪 60 年代的英国政府和技术
DOI：
10.1093/tcbh/7.1.53
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
D. Edgerton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Edgerton
瑞典辐射防护当局（SSI）建议使用环境剂量当量和定向剂量当量进行环境监测。为了能够提供校准服务，ISO在其报告4037中推荐的低速率X射线辐射质量的转换系数已经以几种不同的方式进行了评估。根据半值层（HVL）确定了辐射质量，并计算了光子通量分布和从空气角到新剂量当量的转换系数。HVL测量结果证实了其他人报告的观察结果，即实际的HVL值与ISO报告中的值有所偏差。用HPGe半导体探测器测量了光谱分布，并对光谱进行了校正，以显示空气中的实际光谱分布。然后使用ICRP的转换因子和Wagner等人的分析函数计算环境剂量当量和定向剂量当量。两组数据给出的结果在2%以内一致。对于校准实验室，可能并不总是可用或不实用的通量分布测量技术。因此，由X射线光束的有效光子能量和平均光子能量计算的转换因子与上述推导的转换因子进行了比较，并与考虑整个光子通量分布时得到的转换因子在4%以内一致。
The Swedish authority for radiation protection, SSI, recommends the use of ambient and directional dose equivalents for environmental monitoring. To be able to offer calibration services, conversion coefficients for the low rate X ray radiation qualities recommended by the ISO in its report 4037 have been evaluated in a few different ways. The radiation qualities were determined both in terms of half value layers (HVL) and photon fluence distributions and conversion coefficients from air kerma to the new dosc equivalents were calculated. The HVL measurements confirmed observations reported by others that the HVL values in practice deviate from those in the ISO report. The spectral distributions were measured with a HPGe semiconductor detector and the spectra were corrected to show the actual spectral distribution in air. The ambient and directional dose equivalents were then calculated using conversion factors from ICRP and analytical functions from Wagner et al. The two sets of data gave results that agreed within 2%. For calibrating laboratories a fluence distribution measurement technique may not always be available or practicable to use. Conversion factors calculated from effective and mean photon energy of the X ray beams were therefore compared with those derived above and agreed within 4% with those obtained when the whole photon fluence distributions were considered.