Impact of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Practices on Cotton Production and Livelihood of Farmers in Punjab, Pakistan
Impact of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Practices on Cotton Production and Livelihood of Farmers in Punjab, Pakistan
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DOI：
10.3390/su10062101
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Ma, Chunbo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Imran, Muhammad Ali;Ali, Asghar;Ma, Chunbo
棉花是巴基斯坦仅次于小麦的第二大作物，由于传统的农业管理做法、气候变化和市场失灵，棉花一直受到多重冲击。气候智能型农业（CSA）是联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）于2010年推出的一种创新的清洁生产替代传统农业，旨在提高自然资源的效率，提高农业生产系统的适应力和生产力，同时减少温室气体排放。气候变化对农场和区域一级棉花生产的不利影响可以通过使用CSA做法和技术最大限度地减少。本研究采用Cobb-Douglas生产函数对巴基斯坦旁遮普省下巴里多阿布运河（LBDC）灌溉系统的财务绩效进行了调查，并探讨了CSA通过可持续用水管理对棉花生产的影响。通过进行六次专题小组讨论，确定了棉花种植中CSA的采用者。通过结构良好的问卷调查收集了2016-2017年种植季节133名CSA采用者和65名传统棉花种植者的数据。研究发现，水智能（在床上种植作物，激光平地，联合使用水和排水管理），能源智能（最少耕作），碳智能（减少使用化学品）和知识智能（轮作和改良品种，即，研究区棉农采用了CSA的技术措施。大多数农民认为，他们之所以采用CSA做法和技术，是因为运河水供应有限、气候变化、易发生干旱、大量抽取地下水、地下水位迅速下降和土壤含盐量逐渐增加。结果表明，种子发芽均匀、产量高、经济效益好、投入集中、资源利用率高是CSA的主要优势。计量经济学分析表明，实施CSA的做法和技术，明智地使用水和肥料，地下水质量，获得推广服务，以及适当的采摘方法和时间对棉花产品的总价值（GVP）有显着的影响。研究结果将有助于政策制定者制定政策，尽量减少农民的财政负担，采用CSA技术，并在旁遮普和其他地区推广。
Cotton is the second largest crop of Pakistan in terms of area after wheat and is being suffered by multiple shocks over the time due to conventional agricultural management practices, climate change, and market failures. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) was introduced by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) in 2010, as an innovative cleaner production alternative to conventional farming that aimed at increasing the efficiency of natural resources, resilience, and productivity of agricultural production system, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The adverse effects of climate change on cotton production at the farm and regional level can be minimized by using CSA practices and technologies. The present study investigated the financial performance and explored the impact of CSA through sustainable water use management on cotton production in Lower Bari Doab Canal (LBDC) irrigation system of Punjab, Pakistan by using Cobb-Douglas production function. The adopters of CSA in cotton cultivation were identified by conducting six focus group discussions. Data were collected through well-structured questionnaire from 133 adopters of CSA and 65 conventional cotton growers for the cropping season 2016-2017. It was found that water-smart (raising crops on bed, laser land levelling, conjunctive use of water and drainage management), energy-smart (minimum tillage), carbon-smart (less use of chemicals) and knowledge-smart (crop rotation and improved varieties i.e., tolerant to drought, flood and heat/cold stresses) practices and technologies of CSA were adopted by the cotton farmers in the study area. Most of the farmers were of the view that they are adopting CSA practices and technologies due to the limited supply of canal water, climate change, drought-prone, massive groundwater extraction, rapidly declining groundwater table and increasing soil salinity over the time. Results revealed that uniform germination, higher yield and financial returns, the concentration of inputs and increase in resource use efficiency are the main advantages of CSA. The econometric analysis showed that implementation of CSA practices and technologies as judicious use of water and fertilizer, groundwater quality, access to extension services, and appropriate method and time of picking have a significant impact on the gross value of cotton product (GVP). The findings of the study would be helpful for policy makers to formulate policies that can minimize farmer's financial burden to adopt CSA technologies and implement for scaling out in Punjab and beyond.