A NOVEL EXPERIMENTAL PARADIGM FOR DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN WHAT IS SAID AND WHAT IS IMPLICATED
A NOVEL EXPERIMENTAL PARADIGM FOR DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN WHAT IS SAID AND WHAT IS IMPLICATED
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DOI：
10.1353/lan.2012.0008
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Baker, Rachel E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Doran, Ryan;Ward, Gregory;Baker, Rachel E.
话语理解的语境依赖性和语境独立性之间存在理论上的区别，这已经成为当前意义理论中的一个标准假设；然而，如何以及在哪里划分这种区别一直是相当大的争论的主题。在目前的研究中，我们调查了说话者是否能够系统地区分所说的和所暗示的(Grice 1989[1967])，使用一种新的真理-价值判断范式，涵盖了广泛的含义类型。我们发现，通过为参与者提供一套明确的判断标准，包括采用客观的第三人称视角，我们能够提高他们区分会话含义和真值条件意义的能力。此外，我们发现，我们调查的所有隐含类型都没有被一致地纳入或排除在所说的话中。相反，我们的研究结果显示，不同含义类型之间的整合频率有相当大的差异，与文献中提出的含义类型的不同分类并不直接对应。
That there is a theoretical distinction between context-dependent and context-independent aspects of utterance interpretation has become a standard assumption in current theories of meaning; however, how and where to draw this distinction has been the subject of considerable debate. In the current study, we investigate whether speakers can systematically distinguish between WHAT IS SAID and WHAT IS IMPLICATED (Grice 1989 [1967]) using a novel truth-value judgment paradigm across a wide range of implicature types. We found that, by providing participants with a clear set of judgment criteria, including the adoption of an objective third-person perspective, we were able to enhance their ability to distinguish conversational implicature from truth-conditional meaning. In addition, we found that none of the implicature types we investigated was either consistently incorporated into or consistently excluded from what is said. Instead, our findings revealed considerable variation in frequency of incorporation across implicature types in ways that do not correspond straightforwardly to the various taxonomies of implicature types proposed in the literature.*