Agricultural biosecurity
Agricultural biosecurity
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农业生物安全
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2007.2188
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Mumford
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Waage;J. Mumford
预防和控制新病虫害的传入是一项农业挑战，越来越引起公众的关注。这种兴趣部分是由于人们认为威胁正在增加，但对生物安全威胁变化率的分析很少，而且现有证据也模棱两可。动植物的传统生物安全系统存在很大差异，但正在开始趋同。风险的生物经济模型将成为指导生物安全有限资源分配的宝贵工具。预防和管理系统的未来将受到新技术和私营部门日益增长的作用的强烈影响。总体而言，当今的生物安全系统面临着国家贸易优先事项的变化、对生物入侵环境影响的新担忧以及“谁买单”问题的挑战。明天的系统可能需要完全不同才能有效。我们建议三项改变：围绕共同、主动、基于风险的方法整合植物和动物生物安全；更加注重国际合作，从源头应对威胁；并承诺将生物安全重新聚焦于增强农业生态系统对入侵的抵御能力，而不是在其周围筑起围墙。
The prevention and control of new pest and disease introductions is an agricultural challenge which is attracting growing public interest. This interest is in part driven by an impression that the threat is increasing, but there has been little analysis of the changing rates of biosecurity threat, and existing evidence is equivocal. Traditional biosecurity systems for animals and plants differ substantially but are beginning to converge. Bio-economic modelling of risk will be a valuable tool in guiding the allocation of limited resources for biosecurity. The future of prevention and management systems will be strongly influenced by new technology and the growing role of the private sector. Overall, today's biosecurity systems are challenged by changing national priorities regarding trade, by new concerns about environmental effects of biological invasions and by the question ‘who pays?’. Tomorrow's systems may need to be quite different to be effective. We suggest three changes: an integration of plant and animal biosecurity around a common, proactive, risk-based approach; a greater focus on international cooperation to deal with threats at source; and a commitment to refocus biosecurity on building resilience to invasion into agroecosystems rather than building walls around them.