Child abuse and neglect and the development of mental disorders in the general population
Child abuse and neglect and the development of mental disorders in the general population
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579401004126
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发表时间：
2001-09-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Smailes, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen, P;Brown, J;Smailes, E
虐待儿童和忽视儿童一再被证明是精神和人格障碍的风险。然而，这些证据很大程度上是基于对成年人的回顾报告。此外，人们对那些遭受虐待儿童的人的精神病理学的发展历程知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们报告了从儿童早期到成年的精神障碍评估，这些人后来被官方或自我报告确定为虐待或忽视的受害者。研究结果显示，与标准样本相比，四组中每一组的精神障碍和症状的发生率都有所上升。根据官方报告，这些群体包括那些遭受身体虐待或忽视的人，以及那些通过自我报告受到身体虐待或性虐待的人。正如预期的那样，受虐待群体在人口统计学上与社区比较样本有很大不同，特别是那些有官方报告的群体。有身体虐待回顾自我报告的那组人在症状和障碍指标上与对照组只有轻微的差异，而性虐待组表现出最一致的上升模式，即使在考虑了人口统计学差异的控制因素后也是如此。障碍和症状模式因群体和年龄的不同而不同：成年后疏忽案例显示出部分缓解，而官方的身体虐待案例显示出日益巩固的反社会和冲动行为模式。
Child abuse and neglect have repeatedly been shown to be risks for psychiatric and personality disorders. However, much of this evidence is based on retrospective reports of adults. In addition, little is known about the developmental course of psychopathology among those exposed to child maltreatment. In this study, we report mental disorders assessed from early childhood to adulthood in those later identified as victims of abuse or neglect by official or self-report. Findings show elevated rates of mental disorders and symptoms in each of four groups relative to the normative sample. Groups included those who had been victims of physical abuse or neglect according to official report and those who had been victims of physical or sexual abuse by self-report. As expected, the maltreated groups were quite different demographically from the community comparison sample, especially those with official reports. The group with retrospective self-reports of physical abuse differed only modestly from the comparison group on the symptom and disorder measures, while the sexually abused group showed the most consistently elevated patterns, even after controls for demographic differences were taken into account. The disorder and symptom patterns differed both by group and by age: neglect cases showed a partial remission in adulthood, while official physical abuse cases showed an increasingly consolidated pattern of antisocial and impulsive behavior.