Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and potential synthetic treatments.
Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and potential synthetic treatments.
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DOI：
10.4155/fsoa-2017-0109
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发表时间：
2018-04
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Ratcliffe E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ali J;Rafiq QA;Ratcliffe E
自从亚历山大·弗莱明爵士发现抗生素以来，抗生素已被广泛用于医学，并在对抗微生物方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，随着它们的广泛使用，耐药性的发展变得更加普遍，它们的使用目前受到威胁。抗生素耐药性对人类和动物健康构成了全球性威胁，许多细菌物种已经产生了某种形式的耐药性，在某些情况下，在首次接触抗菌剂的一年内。本综述旨在研究耐药性背后的一些机制。此外，重新设计生物体，使细菌对抗生素重新敏感，以及基因编辑技术，如成簇的规则间隔短回文重复序列-Cas9系统，正在提供对抗细菌耐药性的新方法。为此，我们回顾了其中一些新颖和创新的技术。1928年，青霉素被发现，改变了现代医学领域，因为它提供了治疗微生物感染的机会。从那时起，微生物如细菌已经进化，现在有能力抵抗各种各样的试剂，否则可能会阻止它们的生长。据估计，到2050年，每年约有1000万人因这些细菌而丧生。本文提供了一个深入了解细菌如何抵抗抗生素和潜在的新方法来治疗这些生物体。
Since the discovery of antibiotics by Sir Alexander Fleming they have been used throughout medicine and play a vital role in combating microorganisms. However, with their vast use, development of resistance has become more prevalent and their use is currently under threat. Antibiotic resistance poses a global threat to human and animal health, with many bacterial species having developed some form of resistance and in some cases within a year of first exposure to antimicrobial agents. This review aims to examine some of the mechanisms behind resistance. Additionally, re-engineering organisms, re-sensitizing bacteria to antibiotics and gene-editing techniques such as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 system are providing novel approaches to combat bacterial resistance. To that extent, we have reviewed some of these novel and innovative technologies. In 1928, penicillin was discovered, changing the field of modern medicine as it provided an opportunity to treat microbial infections. Since then, microorganisms such as bacteria have evolved and now have the ability to resist a wide variety of agents that might otherwise prevent their growth. By 2050, it is estimated that around 10 million lives each year will be lost due to these bacteria. This article provides an insight into how bacteria resist antibiotics and potential new methods of treating these organisms.