Application of next generation sequencing in mammalian embryogenomics: lessons learned from endogenous betaretroviruses of sheep.
Application of next generation sequencing in mammalian embryogenomics: lessons learned from endogenous betaretroviruses of sheep.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.08.016
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发表时间：
2012-09
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Palmarini, Massimo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spencer, Thomas E.;Palmarini, Massimo
内源性逆转录病毒（ERV）存在于所有脊椎动物的基因组中，并且是宿主生殖系的古老外源性逆转录病毒感染的残余物，其垂直地代代相传。绵羊基因组包含27种与致病性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒（JSRV）相关的内源性β逆转录病毒（enJSRV），这些病毒在过去的500万至700万年中一直整合在宿主基因组中。外源性JSRV是绵羊传染性肺癌的病原体，而enJSRV能够保护宿主免受JSRV感染。在绵羊中，enJSRV在子宫上皮以及孕体（胚胎和相关的胚外膜）滋养外胚层中最丰富地表达。27个enJSRV基因座中的16个含有具有完整开放阅读框架的包膜（env）基因，并且在子宫内功能丧失实验中发现enJSRV Env对于滋养层生长和孕体伸长是必需的。总的来说，现有的证据支持的想法，从祖先逆转录病毒捕获的基因是关键的收购新的，重要的功能，在哺乳动物的进化和积极选择的生物学作用，基因组可塑性，保护宿主免受感染的相关致病性和外源性逆转录病毒，并收敛在胎盘形态发生的生理作用，从而哺乳动物繁殖。哺乳动物中ERV的发现最初是基于分子克隆发现技术，并将通过下一代测序技术和计算机发现技术向前推进。
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are present in the genome of all vertebrates and are remnants of ancient exogenous retroviral infections of the host germline transmitted vertically from generation to generation. The sheep genome contains 27 JSRV-related endogenous betaretroviruses (enJSRVs) related to the pathogenic Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) that have been integrating in the host genome for the last 5 to 7 million years. The exogenous JSRV is a causative agent of a transmissible lung cancer in sheep, and enJSRVs are able to protect the host against JSRV infection. In sheep, the enJSRVs are most abundantly expressed in the uterine epithelia as well as in the conceptus (embryo and associated extraembryonic membranes) trophectoderm. Sixteen of the 27 enJSRV loci contain an envelope (env) gene with an intact open reading frame, and in utero loss-of-function experiments found the enJSRVs Env to be essential for trophoblast outgrowth and conceptus elongation. Collectively, available evidence supports the ideas that genes captured from ancestral retroviruses were pivotal in the acquisition of new, important functions in mammalian evolution and were positively selected for biological roles in genome plasticity, protection of the host against infection of related pathogenic and exogenous retroviruses, and a convergent physiological role in placental morphogenesis and thus mammalian reproduction. The discovery of ERVs in mammals was initially based on molecular cloning discovery techniques and will be boosted forward by next generation sequencing technologies and in silico discovery techniques.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0837136100
发表时间：
2003-04-15
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1112304108
发表时间：
2011-11-15
影响因子：
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作者：
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