Climate Relicts: Asian Scorpion Family Pseudochactidae Survived Miocene Aridification in Caves of the Annamite Mountains
Climate Relicts: Asian Scorpion Family Pseudochactidae Survived Miocene Aridification in Caves of the Annamite Mountains
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/isd/ixac028
复制
发表时间：
2022-11
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Stephanie F. Loria;Valentin L. Ehrenthal;Anh D. Nguyen;L. Prendini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stephanie F. Loria;Valentin L. Ehrenthal;Anh D. Nguyen;L. Prendini
摘要东南亚是热带岩溶系统的热点地区，在该地区的洞穴中发现了许多遗迹类群。1998年发现的古老的蝎科Partiochactidae Gromov分布不连续，包括来自老挝和越南北部安南特(Trưng Sơn)山脉Khammuan-Phong Nha-K Báng喀斯特洞穴的两个地下亚科，以及来自中亚的一个后生亚科。最近的一次修订确定了该科的六个物种；然而，这些分类群如何分散和多样化进入东南亚洞穴系统还没有得到测试。本文利用3个线粒体和3个核标记和140个形态性状重建了伪滑虫科的系统发育，进行了分化时间和祖先范围估计分析，并对其形态特征的进化进行了研究。研究结果证实了以前的假说，即伪蝎科起源于欧亚大陆，很可能在石炭纪的塔吉克地块附近，支持“离开欧亚大陆”的假说，与“欧洲蝎子”和“离开印度”的东南亚蝎子起源假说相矛盾。在晚侏罗世西默利亚大陆和印度支那与欧亚大陆碰撞后，假脊索科分布在东南亚。东南亚洞穴的殖民始于晚白垩世，到中新世完成。东南亚在中新世晚期开始的干旱化导致了表生伪科的灭绝，而该科的伪科成员可能生存在安南特山脉石灰岩地块的洞穴中，支持了气候遗迹假说。
Abstract Southeast Asia is a hotspot of karst systems in the tropics and many relictual taxa have been documented in caves across the region. The ancient, relictual scorpion family Pseudochactidae Gromov 1998 has a disjunct distribution and includes two hypogean subfamilies from caves in the Khammouan-Phong Nha-K Bàng Karst in the northern Annamite (Trưng Sơn) Mountains of Laos and Vietnam, and one epigean subfamily from Central Asia. A recent revision identified six species in the family; however, how these taxa dispersed and diversified into Southeast Asian cave systems has not been tested. In the present contribution, the phylogeny of Pseudochactidae is reconstructed using three mitochondrial and three nuclear markers and 140 morphological characters, divergence time and ancestral range estimation analyses are conducted, and the evolution of troglomorphic characters is investigated. Results confirm a previous hypothesis that Pseudochactidae originated in Eurasia, most likely near the Tajik block in the Carboniferous, supporting the ‘Out of Eurasia’ hypothesis and contradicting the ‘Eurogondwana’ and ‘Out of India’ hypotheses for the origin of Southeast Asian scorpions. Pseudochactidae dispersed across Southeast Asia after the collision of the Cimmerian continent and Indochina with Eurasia in the Late Jurassic. Colonization of Southeast Asian caves began in the Late Cretaceous and was completed by the Miocene. The onset of aridification in Southeast Asia during the Late Miocene resulted in the extinction of epigean Pseudochactidae, whereas hypogean members of the family likely survived within caves in the limestone massifs of the Annamite Mountains, supporting the ‘Climate Relict’ hypothesis.