CRISPR technologies and the search for the PAM-free nuclease.

CRISPR technologies and the search for the PAM-free nuclease.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-020-20633-y
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发表时间:
2021-01-22
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Beisel CL
Beisel CL
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Collias D;Beisel CL

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不断扩展的 CRISPR 技术及其可编程 RNA 引导核酸酶在 DNA 靶向方面表现出卓越的灵活性。然而,这种灵活性伴随着一个始终存在的限制:每个靶标两侧都需要原型间隔子相邻基序 (PAM)。虽然 PAM 在 CRISPR-Cas 免疫系统的自我/非自我歧视中发挥着重要作用,但这一限制已经引发了对 PAM 要求宽松的核酸酶的一场影响深远的探索。在这里,我们回顾了通过天然直系同源物挖掘和蛋白质工程实现无 PAM 核酸酶的持续努力。我们还解决了完全消除 PAM 识别的潜在后果,并提出了一种涵盖所有可能的 PAM 序列的替代核酸酶库。基于 CRISPR-Cas 的基因组编辑技术的主要限制之一是 PAM 依赖性。在此,作者回顾了为实现无 PAM 核酸酶所做的持续努力,解决了消除 PAM 识别的潜在后果,并提出了涵盖所有可能的 PAM 序列的替代核酸酶库。
The ever-expanding set of CRISPR technologies and their programmable RNA-guided nucleases exhibit remarkable flexibility in DNA targeting. However, this flexibility comes with an ever-present constraint: the requirement for a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) flanking each target. While PAMs play an essential role in self/nonself discrimination by CRISPR-Cas immune systems, this constraint has launched a far-reaching expedition for nucleases with relaxed PAM requirements. Here, we review ongoing efforts toward realizing PAM-free nucleases through natural ortholog mining and protein engineering. We also address potential consequences of fully eliminating PAM recognition and instead propose an alternative nuclease repertoire covering all possible PAM sequences. One of the key limitations of CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing techniques is the PAM dependency. Here, the authors review ongoing efforts towards realizing PAM-free nucleases, address potential consequences of eliminating PAM recognition, and propose an alternative nuclease repertoire covering all possible PAM sequences.
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