Multidisciplinary field research in Kabwe, Zambia, towards better understanding of lead contamination of the city - A short report from a field survey
Multidisciplinary field research in Kabwe, Zambia, towards better understanding of lead contamination of the city - A short report from a field survey
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赞比亚卡布韦的多学科实地研究，以更好地了解该城市的铅污染 - 实地调查的简短报告
DOI：
10.1101/096164
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Takahashi Yukihiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Uchida Yoshitaka;Banda Kawawa;Nyambe Imasiku;Hamamoto Toru;Yoshii Yui;Munthali Kabenuka;Mwansa Mukuka;Mukuka Moses;Mutale Mubanga;Yabe John;Toyomaki Haruya;Beyene Yohannes Yared;Nakayama Shouta M. M.;Naruse Nobuyasu;Ishizuka Mayumi;Takahashi Yukihiro
重金属污染是世界上许多采后地区面临的一个严重问题。赞比亚的卡布韦市是世界上污染最严重的城市之一，据报道，土壤、植物、动物和人类血液中的铅含量很高。迫切需要采取多学科办法，以了解目前的情况，并对受污染地区进行补救。在目前的研究中，我们进行了大规模的初步实地调查，以了解卡布韦的现状，并计划未来的缓解方法。主要观察了三个方面：1）Kabwe市旱季的植物群落，2）Kabwe不同地点地表的光谱图像和3）土壤和水中的铅浓度。总体而言，观察到超过15种不同的植物物种，其中许多即使在旱季也保持其绿色颜色。一些树种，如云实科和豆科植物，可作为植物稳定的方法，但它们对土壤铅的流动性的影响还有待进一步研究。对于光谱图像，我们使用了一个手工制作的便携式光谱仪，我们获得的光谱图像显示了从土壤中观察到的典型曲线。这些数据可用于利用卫星图像等地上图像了解该地区不同土壤类型的分布情况。就土壤中的铅含量而言，仅在距矿区2公里范围内观察到极高的总铅含量（> 1，000 ppm）。全量铅和可溶性铅之间存在微弱的正相关关系，因此今后的研究还应关注铅从土壤向植物生态系统的迁移。
Heavy metal contamination is a serious issue in many post-mining area around the world. Kabwe city, Zambia, is known as one of the most polluted cities in the world and high lead (Pb) levels that have been reported in soils, plants, animals and human bloods. Multidisciplinary approaches are critically needed to understand the current situation and to remediate the polluted area. In the current research, we performed a large scale preliminary field survey to understand the current situation in Kabwe and to plan future mitigation approaches. Mainly, three aspects were observed; 1) plant communities during the dry season in Kabwe city, 2) spectral images of the land surfaces in various locations in Kabwe and 3) lead concentrations in soils and water. Overall, >15 different plant species were observed and many of them maintained their green color even during the dry season. Some tree species, for example,CaesalpiniaceaeandFabaceaefamilies may be utilized as phytostabilization approaches although their impacts on the soil lead mobility have to be further studied. For the spectral images, we used a handmade portable spectrometer and our obtained spectral images showed typical curves observed from soils. These data may be used to understand the distribution of different soil types in this area, using aboveground images such as satellite images. For Pb concentrations in soils, extremely high total Pb levels (>1,000 ppm) was observed only within 2 km from the mining site. There was a weak but a positive correlation between the total and soluble lead thus further study should also focus on the mobility of Pb from soils to plant ecosystems.