Pathophysiology of portal hypertension.

Pathophysiology of portal hypertension.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cld.2013.12.001
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发表时间:
2014-05
影响因子:
5.1
通讯作者:
Iwakiri Y
Iwakiri Y
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Iwakiri Y

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门静脉高压症是肝脏疾病的主要并发症,它是由多种病理条件引起的,这些病理条件增加了门静脉血流进入肝脏的阻力。肝硬化门脉高压的主要原因是肝内血管阻力增加,这是由于与纤维化相关的大量结构变化和肝微循环中血管张力增加所致。随着门静脉高压症的发展,侧支血管的形成和动脉血管扩张的进展,这导致增加的血流量到门静脉循环。最终发展为高动力循环综合征,导致食管静脉曲张或腹水。本文就肝硬化时增加肝内血管阻力和内脏及体循环血流量的因素进行综述。最后,对门静脉高压症基础/临床研究的未来方向进行了讨论。
Portal hypertension is a major complication of liver disease, which results from a variety of pathological conditions that increase the resistance to the portal blood flow into the liver. The primary cause of portal hypertension in cirrhosis is an increase in intrahepatic vascular resistance due to massive structural changes associated with fibrosis and increased vascular tone in the hepatic microcirculation. As portal hypertension develops, the formation of collateral vessels and arterial vasodilation progress, which results in increased blood flow to the portal circulation. Eventually the hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome develops, leading to esophageal varices or ascites. This review article will summarize the factors that increase 1) intrahepatic vascular resistance and 2) the blood flow in the splanchnic and systemic circulations in liver cirrhosis. Finally, the future directions of basic/clinical research in portal hypertension will be discussed.
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