Understanding Physical Activity Determinants in an HIV Self-Management Intervention: Qualitative Analysis Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior.
Understanding Physical Activity Determinants in an HIV Self-Management Intervention: Qualitative Analysis Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior.
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DOI：
10.2196/47666
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发表时间：
2023-09-14
影响因子：
2.2
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中科院分区：
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艾滋病毒携带者预期寿命较长，并经历更多的并存情况，患心血管疾病(CVD)和糖尿病的风险增加，由于艾滋病毒或炎症过程进一步加剧。在艾滋病毒携带者中，减少与心血管疾病和糖尿病相关的死亡率和改善健康结果的一个有效干预措施是增加定期体力活动。然而，艾滋病毒携带者经常达不到每日推荐的体力活动水平。虽然研究表明，移动健康(MHealth)可能有助于改善人们的日常活动水平，并降低因合并疾病而导致的死亡率，但这些研究并没有专门针对艾滋病毒携带者。因此，了解可穿戴设备等mHealth干预措施如何改善艾滋病毒携带者的身体活动是至关重要的。这项研究旨在了解参与者佩戴健身跟踪器和应用程序以改善身体活动的体验。总共进行了6个焦点小组，参与者完成了为期6个月的随机对照试验(ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03205982)的对照试验。控制组每天收到步行步骤提醒，每天至少步行5000步，并专注于个人的整体健康状况。定性焦点群体的分析采用归纳内容分析法，以计划行为理论为框架来指导和组织分析。总共有41名艾滋病毒携带者参加了焦点小组。大多数(n=26，63%)的参与者报告他们的种族是黑人或非裔美国人，其中32%(n=13)的人报告他们的种族是西班牙裔或拉丁裔。根据计划行为结构理论，共确定和组织了9个主要主题。总体而言，2个主要主题(对跟踪步骤和跟踪步骤的积极态度是激励)与对行为的态度有关，2个主要主题(来自健身跟踪器和APP的社会支持或动机以及来自家人和朋友的鼓励)与参与者的主观规范有关，1个主题(你可以随着时间的推移调整你的日常习惯)与感知行为控制有关，2个主题(达到他们的步幅目标并拥有更健康的生活方式)与参与者的意图有关，2个主题(继续积极并定期佩戴健身跟踪器)与参与者改变的行为有关。参与者强调了mHealth与化身的接口和每日步数跟踪是如何通过调整他们的日常工作来激励他们开始并继续从事体育活动的。这项研究的发现表明，mHealth应用程序的功能可以如何激励艾滋病毒携带者开始并继续持续参与体育活动。这种体力活动的持续增加对于降低糖尿病或心血管疾病等并存疾病的风险至关重要。ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03205982；https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03205982
People living with HIV have long life expectancy and are experiencing more comorbid conditions, being at an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes, further exacerbated due to the HIV or inflammatory process. One effective intervention shown to decrease mortality and improve health outcomes related to CVD and diabetes in people living with HIV is increased regular physical activity. However, people living with HIV often fall short of the daily recommended physical activity levels. While studies show that mobile health (mHealth) can potentially help improve people’s daily activity levels and reduce mortality rates due to comorbid conditions, these studies do not specifically focus on people living with HIV. As such, it is essential to understand how mHealth interventions, such as wearables, can improve the physical activity of people living with HIV. This study aimed to understand participants’ experiences wearing a fitness tracker and an app to improve their physical activity. In total, 6 focus groups were conducted with participants who completed the control arm of a 6-month randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03205982). The control arm received daily walk step reminders to walk at least 5000 steps per day and focused on the overall wellness of the individual. The analysis of the qualitative focus groups used inductive content analysis using the theory of planned behavior as a framework to guide and organize the analysis. In total, 41 people living with HIV participated in the focus groups. The majority (n=26, 63%) of participants reported their race as Black or African American, and 32% (n=13) of them identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino. In total, 9 major themes were identified and organized following the theory of planned behavior constructs. Overall, 2 major themes (positive attitude toward tracking steps and tracking steps is motivating) related to attitudes toward the behavior, 2 major themes (social support or motivation from the fitness tracker and app and encouragement from family and friends) related to participant’s subjective norms, 1 theme (you can adjust your daily habits with time) related to perceived behavioral control, 2 themes (reach their step goal and have a healthier lifestyle) related to participant’s intention, and 2 themes (continuing to walk actively and regularly wearing the fitness tracker) related to participant’s changed behavior. Participants highlighted how the mHealth interface with the avatar and daily step tracking motivated them to both begin and continue to engage in physical activity by adjusting their daily routines. Findings from this study illustrate how features of mHealth apps may motivate people living with HIV to start and continue sustained engagement in physical activities. This sustained increase in physical activity is crucial for reducing the risk of comorbid conditions such as diabetes or CVD. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03205982; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03205982