Hybrid infrastructures, hybrid governance: New evidence from Nairobi (Kenya) on green-blue-grey infrastructure in informal settlements "Urban hydroclimatic risks in the 21st century: Integrating engineering, natural, physical and social sciences to build resilience"
Hybrid infrastructures, hybrid governance: New evidence from Nairobi (Kenya) on green-blue-grey infrastructure in informal settlements "Urban hydroclimatic risks in the 21st century: Integrating engineering, natural, physical and social sciences to build resilience"
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ancene.2019.100227
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Odbert, Chelina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mulligan, Joe;Bukachi, Vera;Odbert, Chelina
在扩大撒哈拉以南非洲城市的非正式社区时，风暴和废水排放的可持续管理对于改善生活条件至关重要。规划者们争论“绿色”或自然基础设施、传统“灰色”基础设施和“蓝色”基础设施（使用人造材料模仿自然解决方案）之间的最佳组合。许多人主张在非正式环境中对这些方法进行小规模、利基实验，以了解如何应对空间、有争议的土地保有权、参与和当地维护的内在限制。本文报告了在城市非正式环境中实施和管理当地绿色、蓝色和灰色基础设施解决方案的好处和局限性。我们研究了十个已完成的公共空间项目，这些项目在内罗毕基贝拉的非正式社区中以城市排水基础设施为特色。该分析来自对项目设计师的十次调查和对现场经理的七次半结构化访谈。研究的空间以绿色、灰色和蓝色排水基础设施的不同组合为特色，这些基础设施经过多年的运营、维护和居住区的变化而不断演变。所有项目都以参与设计、混合设计方法、混合基础设施和社区治理模型为特色，有可能与市政参与者成功互动。结果表明，参与小型绿色基础设施的共同开发改变了人们对基于自然的系统和生态系统服务的评价、看法和管理。这些结果对于更大规模地采用、整合和管理城市排水基础设施具有重要意义。他们还建议，基础设施和治理的混合系统构成了渐进和包容性升级的弹性方法。 (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
In expanding informal neighborhoods of cities in sub-Saharan Africa, sustainable management of storm and wastewater drainage is fundamental to improving living conditions. Planners debate the optimal combination between "green" or natural infrastructure, traditional "grey" infrastructure, and "blue" infrastructure, which mimics natural solutions using artificial materials. Many advocate for small-scale, niche experiments with these approaches in informal settings, in order to learn how to navigate the intrinsic constraints of space, contested land tenure, participation, and local maintenance. This paper reports the benefits and limitations of implementing and managing local green, blue and grey infrastructure solutions in an urban informal setting. We studied ten completed public space projects that featured urban drainage infrastructure in the informal neighborhood of Kibera, Nairobi. The analysis drew from ten surveys with project designers and seven semi-structured interviews with site managers. The studied spaces featured different combinations of green, grey, and blue drainage infrastructure that have evolved over years of operation, maintenance, and change in the settlement. All projects featured participation in design, mixed design methods, hybrid infrastructure, and community governance models with potential to interact successfully with municipal actors. Results show that involvement in the co-development of small-scale green infrastructure changed people's valuation, perception, and stewardship of nature-based systems and ecosystem services. These results have implications for the larger scale adoption, integration, and management of urban drainage infrastructure. They also suggest that hybrid systems of infrastructure and governance constitute a resilient approach to incremental and inclusive upgrading. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.