The elementome of calcium-based urinary stones and its role in urolithiasis.
The elementome of calcium-based urinary stones and its role in urolithiasis.
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DOI：
10.1038/nrurol.2015.208
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发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stoller ML
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文献类型：
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作者：
Ramaswamy K;Killilea DW;Kapahi P;Kahn AJ;Chi T;Stoller ML
尿石症影响约10%的美国人口，患病率，复发率和复发率不断增加。大多数尿路结石形成的原因仍然知之甚少，但获得这些结石的化学成分可能有助于确定这一过程的关键方面和新的治疗目标。大多数尿结石由钙组成，钙与有机和无机成分复合在晶体基质中。令人惊讶的是，通过改变钙稳态来减轻尿石症的风险并不是很有效。因此，已经进行了使用蛋白质组学、代谢组学和显微镜技术来鉴定其他治疗性结石特异性靶点的研究，揭示了高度的复杂性。这些数据表明，许多金属以外的钙和许多非金属存在于结石中，在可测量的水平和几个有不同的分布模式。对钙基结石的这些元素成分中的一些的水平的操纵已经导致结石化学和结石形成速率的临床有益变化。钙基尿结石的元素组（元素含量的全谱）正在成为结石研究中的一个新概念，它继续为提高对尿结石疾病的理解和预防提供重要的见解。
Urolithiasis affects around 10% of the US population with an increasing rate of prevalence, recurrence and penetrance. The causes for the formation of most urinary calculi remain poorly understood, but obtaining the chemical composition of these stones might help identify key aspects of this process and new targets for treatment. The majority of urinary stones are composed of calcium that is complexed in a crystalline matrix with organic and inorganic components. Surprisingly, mitigation of urolithiasis risk by altering calcium homeostasis has not been very effective. Thus, studies to identify other therapeutic stone-specific targets, using proteomics, metabolomics and microscopy techniques, have been conducted, revealing a high level of complexity. The data suggest that numerous metals other than calcium and many nonmetals are present within calculi at measurable levels and several have distinct distribution patterns. Manipulation of the levels of some of these elemental components of calcium-based stones has resulted in clinically beneficial changes in stone chemistry and rate of stone formation. The elementome—the full spectrum of elemental content—of calcium-based urinary calculi is emerging as a new concept in stone research that continues to provide important insights for improved understanding and prevention of urinary stone disease.