Health and development.
Health and development.
复制标题
健康与发展。
DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14243-2
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ruger,JenniferPrah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ruger,JenniferPrah
2003年5月19日，格罗·哈莱姆·布伦特兰在她作为世卫组织总干事的最后一次公开讲话中重申了她一贯的信息，即“健康是发展的核心”。自被提名为总干事以来，布伦特兰通过展示卫生与经济发展之间的紧密联系，倡导增加对发展中国家卫生部门的投资。卫生组织宏观经济学和卫生委员会2001年的一份报告为卫生投资制定了具体目标，作为促进经济发展的一种手段。布伦特兰在挪威担任了10年总理，他知道这一关键信息的听众最终将是首相、捐助者和财政部长，他们能够为卫生事业调动或重新分配资源。将良好健康视为促进经济发展的一种手段，是提高与健康有关的投资地位的有益战略。然而，这种观点也有局限性，特别是在承认健康的内在价值和更广泛地理解发展方面。关于健康和经济发展的另一种观点认为，健康具有内在和工具价值，但将健康本身作为目的。这种观点认为，保健和保健的机会是“发展的组成部分”，无需从其对国民生产总值或个人收入增长的间接贡献来证明其重要性。它还承认健康与其他有价值的社会目的（如教育）之间的相互关系，同时强调健康对个人能动性的重要性，即人们过上自己珍视的生活的能力。
In one of her last public speeches as Director-General of the WHO on May 19, 2003, Gro Harlem Brundtland reiterated her constant message that “health is central to development”. Since her nomination as Director-General, Brundtland has advocated increased health sector investment in developing countries by demonstrating a strong link between health and economic development. A 2001 report by the WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health set specific goals for health investments as a means to promote economic development. Having spent a decade as Norway's prime minister, Brundtland knew that the audience for this key message would ultimately be prime ministers, donors, and finance ministers who can mobilise or reallocate resources for health.Viewing good health as a means to further economic development is a useful strategy for elevating the status of health-related investment. However, this view also has limitations, particularly in acknowledging the intrinsic value of health and understanding development more broadly. An alternative view of health and economic development sees health as both intrinsically and instrumentally valuable but takes health as an end in itself. This viewpoint sees the opportunity for health and health care as “constituent components of development”, 1 obviating the need to justify their importance in terms of their indirect contribution to the growth of gross national product or personal income. It also recognises the inter-relatedness among health and other valuable social ends (eg, education) and at the same time emphasises health's importance for individual agency—ie, people's ability to live a life they value.