Extremophiles in biofuel synthesis
Extremophiles in biofuel synthesis
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DOI：
10.1080/09593331003710236
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Cowan, Donald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barnard, Desire;Casanueva, Ana;Cowan, Donald
当前的全球能源形势表明，迫切需要开发替代燃料来源，以应对不断减少的化石燃料储量。解决这个问题的许多研究都集中在开发经济上可行的生物燃料生产技术。生物燃料（定义为从有机基质获得的燃料产品）目前市场以生物乙醇、生物柴油、生物丁醇和沼气为主，依赖于糖、淀粉和油料作物、农业和动物废物以及木质纤维素生物质等基质的使用。随着生物技术发展到目前的状态，通过微生物催化从生物质到生物燃料的转化已经获得了很大的动力。极端微生物是一类能够产生稳定酶的强大生物体，通常能够耐受 pH 值和温度等环境条件的变化。这些生物体及其酶在生物技术中的潜在应用是巨大的，特别是在生物燃料生产中的应用。本综述概述了不同的生物燃料，包括已经商业化生产的以及正在开发的生物燃料。讨论了生物燃料生产的过去和现在的趋势，并强调了该行业的未来前景。重点是当前和未来极端微生物和酶在技术中的应用，以开发和改进生物燃料的生物技术生产。
The current global energy situation has demonstrated an urgent need for the development of alternative fuel sources to the continually diminishing fossil fuel reserves. Much research to address this issue focuses on the development of financially viable technologies for the production of biofuels. The current market for biofuels, defined as fuel products obtained from organic substrates, is dominated by bioethanol, biodiesel, biobutanol and biogas, relying on the use of substrates such as sugars, starch and oil crops, agricultural and animal wastes, and lignocellulosic biomass. This conversion from biomass to biofuel through microbial catalysis has gained much momentum as biotechnology has evolved to its current status. Extremophiles are a robust group of organisms producing stable enzymes, which are often capable of tolerating changes in environmental conditions such as pH and temperature. The potential application of such organisms and their enzymes in biotechnology is enormous, and a particular application is in biofuel production. In this review an overview of the different biofuels is given, covering those already produced commercially as well as those under development. The past and present trends in biofuel production are discussed, and future prospects for the industry are highlighted. The focus is on the current and future application of extremophilic organisms and enzymes in technologies to develop and improve the biotechnological production of biofuels.