Study Abroad. Part I: A Comparative Test of Attitudes and Opinions; Part II: As the Students See It: The Junior Year Abroad Reassessed.
Study Abroad. Part I: A Comparative Test of Attitudes and Opinions; Part II: As the Students See It: The Junior Year Abroad Reassessed.
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出国留学。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1944-9720.1974.tb02592.x
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发表时间：
1974
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Gunther Bicknese
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gunther Bicknese
关于出国留学对美国学生的影响，几乎没有系统的研究，也没有建立起衡量项目成功的标准。作为“马尔堡米勒斯维尔年”（1963-1966）的负责人，笔者对参与者进行了三次独立的民意调查：（1）在每年的开始和结束时客观地测试心理影响，（2）记录项目结束时出现的主观印象，（3）确定学生返回美国一年后的成熟观点。这些评估于1967年完成，现在和当时一样有意义。该专业尚未就许多建议采取行动。学生们纠正了他们对欧洲的先入为主的观念;他们变得流利的德语和熟悉的文化;他们成熟的学者和人。所有人都经历了文化冲击，大多数人至少暂时成为了亲德派。从这项研究中得出了以下主要结论：（1）融入东道国社会应该是渐进的;（2）“只讲目标语言”的规则应该建立在自愿合作的基础上;（3）在国外的头五个月之后，收益最大。由于出国留学可能成为进一步研究语言和文化的重要工具，因此迫切需要更多的研究。
Little systematic research has been done regarding the effect of study abroad on American students, and few criteria for the success of programs have been established. As the director of the Millersville Year in Marburg (1963–1966), this writer took three separate polls of the participants: (1) to test the psychological impact objectively at the beginning and end of each year, (2) to register subjective impressions that surfaced at the conclusion of the program, and (3) to ascertain the students' matured views one year after their return to America. These evaluations, completed in 1967, are as meaningful now as they were then. The profession has yet to act on many of the recommendations. The students corrected their preconceived ideas of Europe; they became fluent in German and familiar with the culture; and they matured as scholars and persons. All experienced culture shock, and most became, at least temporarily, Germanophiles. The following major conclusions were drawn from this study: (1) integration into the host society should be gradual; (2) the “target-language-only” rule should be based on voluntary cooperation; and (3) the greatest benefits are achieved after the first five months abroad. Because study abroad could become a vital tool in furthering the study of languages and culture, more research is urgently needed.