Forest regeneration on European sheep pasture is an economically viable climate change mitigation strategy

Forest regeneration on European sheep pasture is an economically viable climate change mitigation strategy
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欧洲羊牧场的森林再生是一项经济上可行的气候变化缓解战略

DOI:
10.1088/1748-9326/abaf87
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
O'Neill C
O'Neill C
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
O'Neill C

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畜牧业生产使用了全球37%的土地,并造成了15%的人为温室气体(GHG)排放。然而,欧洲各地的畜牧业农民每年获得数十亿美元的补贴,以支持他们的生计。这项研究评估了将欧洲补贴用于恢复废弃农田上的树木是否是一种具有成本效益的减缓气候变化的负排放战略。集中在英国的养羊业,自然再生和种植原生林,我们表明,如果没有补贴,养羊业是没有利润的,当农民支付他们的劳动。尽管高地农场的生产力低得多,但高地和低地农场每公顷的经济效益相当。当靠近现有的树木时,可以通过自然再生转化为“碳森林”,这些树木是种子来源。这一战略在没有补贴的情况下在财务上是可行的,以具有竞争力的4美元/吨二氧化碳当量满足了表现不佳的养羊业的净现值。如果需要植树造林来建立森林,则需要55美元/吨二氧化碳当量才能实现收支平衡,在目前的碳市场价格下,如果没有财政援助来支付建立成本,这是不经济的。然而,这一盈亏平衡价格低于碳的理论社会价值(68美元/吨二氧化碳当量),这代表了二氧化碳排放给社会带来的经济成本。因此,在没有补贴的情况下,土地用途转换的可行性取决于农业绩效低、自然再生的可能性大、碳市场价格高,以及克服畜牧业系统的文化和社会价值与减缓气候变化之间的潜在权衡。补贴导致欧洲高温室气体排放的农业做法,同时每年花费数十亿美元保护欠发达国家的森林碳以减缓气候变化,这种做法的道德性值得怀疑。
Livestock production uses 37% of land globally and is responsible for 15% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Yet livestock farmers across Europe receive billions of dollars in annual subsidies to support their livelihoods. This study evaluates whether diverting European subsidies into the restoration of trees on abandoned farmland represents a cost-effective negative-emissions strategy for mitigating climate change. Focusing on sheep farming in the United Kingdom, and on natural regeneration and planted native forests, we show that, without subsidies, sheep farming is not profitable when farmers are paid for their labour. Despite the much lower productivity of upland farms, upland and lowland farms are financially comparable per hectare. Conversion to'carbon forests' is possible via natural regeneration when close to existing trees, which are seed sources. This strategy is financially viable without subsidies, meeting the net present value of poorly performing sheep farming at a competitive $4/tCO 2 eq. If tree planting is required to establish forests, then∼ $55/tCO 2 eq is needed to break-even, making it uneconomical under current carbon market prices without financial aid to cover establishment costs. However, this break-even price is lower than the theoretical social value of carbon ($68/tCO 2 eq), which represents the economic cost of CO 2 emissions to society. The viability of land-use conversion without subsidies therefore depends on low farm performance, strong likelihood of natural regeneration, and high carbon-market price, plus overcoming potential trade-offs between the cultural and social values placed on pastoral livestock systems and climate change mitigation. The morality of subsidising farming practices that cause high GHG emissions in Europe, whilst spending billions annually on protecting forest carbon in less developed nations to slow climate change is questionable.
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