Maternal Nutrition and Birth Outcomes
Maternal Nutrition and Birth Outcomes
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-43739-2_22
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
U. Ramakrishnan;M. Young;R. Martorell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
U. Ramakrishnan;M. Young;R. Martorell
人们越来越认识到产妇营养在改善分娩结果方面的重要作用。本章总结了目前的知识状态的作用，孕产妇营养在怀孕前和怀孕期间，在确定出生结果，特别是早产（PTB）和小于胎龄儿（SGA），是相当大的公共卫生意义和有关的健康，福祉和生存的下一代，与建议的行动方案和未来的研究。干预试验的荟萃分析表明，产前补充钙，锌和n-3 PUFA可降低PTB的风险，而MMN和平衡蛋白质能量（BPE）补充可导致出生体重增加。碘和围受孕期叶酸等干预措施对减少妊娠损失和出生缺陷也很重要。越来越多的证据支持确保育龄妇女营养良好的重要性，但需要更多关于干预措施和实施战略的性质的信息，以设计有效的孕前营养干预措施。还需要确定克服方案执行障碍的更好方法，改进确定目标和衡量怀孕前和怀孕期间产妇营养方案有效性的方法。最后，注重改善生育结果的营养和保健方案应加强与农业、水和卫生、计划生育、教育和社会保障等其他部门的联系。
There is increasing recognition of the important role maternal nutrition plays in improving birth outcomes. This chapter summarizes the state of current knowledge on the role of maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy in determining birth outcomes especially preterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA) that are of considerable public health significance and related to the health, well-being and survival of the next generation, with recommendations for action both for programs and future research. Meta-analyses of intervention trials show that prenatal supplementation with calcium, zinc and n-3 PUFA lowers the risk of PTB, whereas MMN and balanced protein–energy (BPE) supplementation resulted in increased birth weight. Interventions such as iodine and periconceptional folic acid are also important for reducing pregnancy losses and birth defects. Growing evidence supports the importance of ensuring good nutrition for women of reproductive age, but more information on the nature of the intervention and implementation strategies is needed to design effective preconceptional nutrition interventions. There is also a need to identify better ways to overcome barriers to program implementation with improved methods for targeting and measuring program effectiveness for maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy. Finally, nutrition and health programs that focus on improving birth outcomes should strengthen linkages with other sectors such as agriculture, water and sanitation, family planning, education and social protection.