OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR FINDING THE PHILOSOPHICAL CORE : A REVIEW OF STEPHEN C . PEPPER ' S WORLD HYPOTHESES : A STUDY IN EVIDENCE '
OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR FINDING THE PHILOSOPHICAL CORE : A REVIEW OF STEPHEN C . PEPPER ' S WORLD HYPOTHESES : A STUDY IN EVIDENCE '
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行为实验分析寻找哲学核心：史蒂芬 C 的回顾。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Reese
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Hayes;L. Hayes;H. Reese
行为分析一直与其他心理学观点存在重大冲突。在最基本的层面上，这些冲突通常是哲学性的，涉及人类的本质和科学的目的等问题。为什么会出现这些冲突？如果有的话，我们能为他们做些什么？我们能解决它们吗？我们可以通过简单地放弃哲学来完全避免它们吗？为了回答这些问题，我们必须清楚与其他观点相比行为分析背后的哲学。然而，要说清楚是很困难的，因为该立场的假设和假设并不是故意和明确规定的。基本假设、具体理论和历史事故常常被同时讨论，而在行为分析阐述中却没有充分区分。斯金纳的哲学著作尤其容易遇到这种困难，也许是因为他广泛涉及该领域的许多非哲学方面。 1942 年，哲学家兼美学家斯蒂芬·C·佩珀 (Stephen C. Pepper) 出版了《世界假设：证据研究》。他的核心见解是，哲学系统围绕着一些核心模型，或取自常识的“世界假设”。他的策略是忽略细节和个性，而是以笼统的方式呈现每种世界观的中心原则。他用自己的术语来描述大部分原则，避免了过多或狭隘的含义。他引述甚少。他的风格使人能够理解
Behavior analysis has always had significant conflicts with other psychological perspectives. At their most fundamental level, these conflicts are often philosophical, concerning such issues as the nature of the human and the purposes of science. Why are these the conflicts? What, if anything, can we do about them? Can we resolve them? Can we avoid them altogether by simply abandoning philosophy? To answer these questions, we must be clear about the philosophy underlying behavior analysis compared to those of other perspectives. To be clear is difficult, however, because the assumptions and postulates of the position are not deliberately and unambiguously laid down. Fundamental assumptions, specific theories, and historical accidents are too often discussed concurrently and without adequate differentiation in behavior-analytic expositions. Skinner's philosophical writings are especially prone to this difficulty, perhaps because he is so extensively involved with so many nonphilosophical aspects of the field. In 1942 Stephen C. Pepper, a philosopher and aestheticist, published World Hypotheses: A Study in Evidence. His central insight was that philosophical systems cluster around a few core models, or "world hypotheses," drawn from common sense. His strategy was to ignore details and personalities, and instead to present the central tenets of each world view in a general way. He used his own terms to describe most of these tenets, avoiding excess or parochial meanings. He quoted and cited very little. His style permits an understanding of