Unequal Irrigators : Heterogeneity and Commons Management in Large-Scale Multivariate Research
Unequal Irrigators : Heterogeneity and Commons Management in Large-Scale Multivariate Research
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不平等的灌溉者:大规模多元研究中的异质性和公共管理
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Evans Hall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Evans Hall
[摘要]尽管我们对公地成功管理的因素的理解取得了令人印象深刻的进步，但对资源使用者之间异质性的影响仍然存在相当大的困惑。关于这个问题的观点分为两个阵营。第一种观点由奥尔森（Olson，1965）率先提出，并在随后的公共产品理论中得到了形式化，认为不平等有利于集体行动。第二种观点，与实地研究文献密切相关，坚持认为异质性阻碍了集体行动。本章综合了最近关于这一问题的理论和实证研究，以澄清两个阵营的论点。第一个任务是提供相关异质性类型的分类。我们认为
[Abstract] Despite impressive advances in our understanding of the factors conducive to successful management on the commons, there remains considerable confusion about the effect of heterogeneity among the resource users. Perspectives on this issue fall into two camps. The first, pioneered by Olson (1965), and subsequently formalized in the theory of public goods, holds that inequality favors collective action. The second view, closely associated with the field-study literature, insists that heterogeneities hamper collective action. This chapter synthesizes recent theoretical and empirical research on this issue to clarify the arguments made by both camps. A first task is to provide a taxonomy of the relevant types of heterogeneity. We argue