Evidence from Meta-Analyses of the Facial Width-to-Height Ratio as an Evolved Cue of Threat.
Evidence from Meta-Analyses of the Facial Width-to-Height Ratio as an Evolved Cue of Threat.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0132726
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
McCormick CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Geniole SN;Denson TF;Dixson BJ;Carré JM;McCormick CM
面部宽高比（FWHR）是面部的宽度除以上面部的高度。有多种证据支持这样的假设：FWHR 是人类面部威胁和主导地位的暗示。我们对所有同行评审的研究（以及 2 项未发表的研究）进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析，以估计胎腰比性别差异的程度，以及胎腰比与威胁性和主导行为和观念之间关系的程度。如果作者报告了涉及 FWHR 的分析，则研究有资格纳入。我们的分析显示，男性的腰臀比大于女性 (= .11，n = 10,853)，提示男性对男性气质的判断 (= .35，面孔数 = 487；观察者数 = 339)，并且与体重指数相关 (= .31，n = 2,506)。此外，FWHR 在各种指数中预测了男性的威胁行为 (= .16，n = 4,603) 和两性的支配行为 (= .12，n = 948)。观察者认为，FWHR 较大的个体比 FWHR 较小的个体更具威胁性（= .46，面孔数 = 1,691；观察者数 = 2,076），并且更具主导性（= .20，面孔数 = 603；观察者数 = 236）。具有较大 FWHR 的个体也被认为吸引力较差（= -.26，面孔数 = 721；观察者数 = 335），特别是当女性做出判断时。这些发现为以下假设提供了一些支持：FWHR 是男性性内威胁和支配的进化提示系统的一部分。关于威胁和支配地位的荟萃分析的一个局限性是涉及女性和老年人面孔的刺激数量较少。
The facial width-to-height ratio (FWHR) is the width of the face divided by the height of the upper face. There is mixed evidence for the hypothesis that the FWHR is a cue of threat and dominance in the human face. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of all peer-reviewed studies (and 2 unpublished studies) to estimate the magnitude of the sex difference in the FWHR, and the magnitude of the relationship between the FWHR and threatening and dominant behaviours and perceptions. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the authors reported an analysis involving the FWHR. Our analyses revealed that the FWHR was larger in men than in women ( = .11, n = 10,853), cued judgements of masculinity in men ( = .35, n of faces = 487; n of observers = 339), and was related to body mass index ( = .31, n = 2,506). Further, the FWHR predicted both threat behaviour in men ( = .16, n = 4,603) and dominance behaviour in both sexes ( = .12, n = 948) across a variety of indices. Individuals with larger FWHRs were judged by observers as more threatening ( = .46, n of faces = 1,691; n of observers = 2,076) and more dominant ( = .20, n of faces = 603; n of observers = 236) than those with smaller FWHRs. Individuals with larger FWHRs were also judged as less attractive ( = -.26, n of faces = 721; n of observers = 335), especially when women made the judgements. These findings provide some support for the hypothesis that the FWHR is part of an evolved cueing system of intra-sexual threat and dominance in men. A limitation of the meta-analyses on perceptions of threat and dominance were the low number of stimuli involving female and older adult faces.